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'''Chant''' (from Old French chanter[1]) is the [[rhythmic]] speaking or singing of [[words]] or [[sound]]s, often primarily on one or two pitches called reciting [[tones]]. Chants may range from a simple [[melody]] involving a limited set of [[notes]] to highly [[complex]] [[music]]al [[structures]], often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant Gregorian chant]. Chant may be considered [[speech]], [[music]], or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages Middle Ages] some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).[2]
'''Chant''' (from Old French chanter[1]) is the [[rhythmic]] speaking or singing of [[words]] or [[sound]]s, often primarily on one or two pitches called reciting [[tones]]. Chants may range from a simple [[melody]] involving a limited set of [[notes]] to highly [[complex]] [[music]]al [[structures]], often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant Gregorian chant]. Chant may be considered [[speech]], [[music]], or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages Middle Ages] some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).[2]
==Chant as a spiritual practice==
==Chant as a spiritual practice==
Chanting (e.g., [[mantra]], sacred [[text]], the name of [[God]]/Spirit, etc.) is a commonly used [[spiritual]] [[practice]]. Like [[prayer]], chant may be a component of either [[personal]] or [[group]] practice. [[Diverse]] spiritual [[traditions]] consider chant a [[Method|route]] to spiritual [[Growth|development]].
Chanting (e.g., [[mantra]], sacred [[text]], the name of [[God]]/Spirit, etc.) is a commonly used [[spiritual]] [[practice]]. Like [[prayer]], chant may be a component of either [[personal]] or [[group]] practice. [[Diverse]] spiritual [[traditions]] consider chant a [[Method|route]] to spiritual [[Growth|development]].
Some examples include chant in African and Native American cultures, Gregorian chant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_chant Vedic chant], Jewish liturgical music (chazzanut), Qur'an reading, Baha'i chants, various Buddhist chants, various mantras, and the chanting of psalms and prayers especially in Roman Catholic, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox Eastern Orthodox], Lutheran and Anglican churches (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Chant Anglican Chant]).
Some examples include chant in African and Native American cultures, Gregorian chant, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_chant Vedic chant], Jewish liturgical music (chazzanut), Qur'an reading, Baha'i chants, various Buddhist chants, various mantras, and the chanting of psalms and prayers especially in Roman Catholic, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox Eastern Orthodox], Lutheran and Anglican churches (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Chant Anglican Chant]).
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Chant''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Chant '''''this link'''''].</center>
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Chant''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Chant '''''this link'''''].</center>
Chant practices vary. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist Tibetan Buddhist] chant involves throat singing, where multiple pitches are produced by each [[performer]]. The [[concept]] of chanting [[mantras]] is of particular significance in many Hindu traditions and other closely related Dharmic Religions. For example, the Hare Krishna movement is based especially on the chanting of [[Sanskrit]] Names of God. Japanese Shigin (詩吟), or 'chanted poetry', mirrors Zen Buddhist principles and is sung from the Dan tien (or lower abdomen) — the [[locus]] of [[power]] in Eastern traditions.
Chant practices vary. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist Tibetan Buddhist] chant involves throat singing, where multiple pitches are produced by each [[performer]]. The [[concept]] of chanting [[mantras]] is of particular significance in many Hindu traditions and other closely related Dharmic Religions. For example, the Hare Krishna movement is based especially on the chanting of [[Sanskrit]] Names of God. Japanese Shigin (詩吟), or 'chanted poetry', mirrors Zen Buddhist principles and is sung from the Dan tien (or lower abdomen) — the [[locus]] of [[power]] in Eastern traditions.
==Other uses of chant==
==Other uses of chant==
Chants are used in a variety of settings from [[ritual]] to recreation. Supporters or players in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports sports] contests may use them. Warriors in ancient times would chant a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_cry battle cry]. They are also used on protests, and are widely adapted with only a few [[words]] changed between [[topic]]. Chants are the main form of [[communication]] used by Auctioneers in the auction industry, in what is known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auction_chant auction chant] or bid calling.
Chants are used in a variety of settings from [[ritual]] to recreation. Supporters or players in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports sports] contests may use them. Warriors in ancient times would chant a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_cry battle cry]. They are also used on protests, and are widely adapted with only a few [[words]] changed between [[topic]]. Chants are the main form of [[communication]] used by Auctioneers in the auction industry, in what is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auction_chant auction chant] or bid calling.
Recently, musical [[genres]] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_punk Hardcore], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindcore Grindcore], and other aggressive forms of [[music]] have adopted this [[concept]]. Many times during a 'breakdown' (the segment of the song where the time signature is half counted or significantly slowed in some way). The singer will recite a chant, the object of this is to get everyone involved and [[create]] a [[feeling]] of [[passion]] throughout the room causing overall [[reaction]] to the music, including pits, to be more [[intense]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_music Rap music], which is primarily spoken rather than sung, depends heavily on a highly rhythmic delivery with many elements of chant, particularly in chorus sections.
Recently, musical [[genres]] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_punk Hardcore], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindcore Grindcore], and other aggressive forms of [[music]] have adopted this [[concept]]. Many times during a 'breakdown' (the segment of the song where the time signature is half counted or significantly slowed in some way). The singer will recite a chant, the object of this is to get everyone involved and [[create]] a [[feeling]] of [[passion]] throughout the room causing overall [[reaction]] to the music, including pits, to be more [[intense]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_music Rap music], which is primarily spoken rather than sung, depends heavily on a highly rhythmic delivery with many elements of chant, particularly in chorus sections.
Chanting is also popular in film and Video Game scores, such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_trilogy The Lord of the Rings film trilogy] by Howard Shore, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I:_The_Phantom_Menace Star Wars: Episode I: The Phantom Menace] by John Williams , Ghost in the Shell by Kenji Kawai or Man vs Godzilla by Akira Ifukube, or in the case of games, the Halo (series) of First Person Shooters by Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori.
Chanting is also popular in film and Video Game scores, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_trilogy The Lord of the Rings film trilogy] by Howard Shore, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I:_The_Phantom_Menace Star Wars: Episode I: The Phantom Menace] by John Williams , Ghost in the Shell by Kenji Kawai or Man vs Godzilla by Akira Ifukube, or in the case of games, the Halo (series) of First Person Shooters by Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori.
Chant music has also been [[proven]] to be an [[effective]] [[tool]] for helping young children (ages 6 months to 6 years) rest and nap. The steady even [[tones]], the even pace and the [[fact]] that the words are in another [[language]] not known to the [[children]] all help to calm their [[bodies]] and their [[minds]] and allows them to easily rest comfortably [[assuring]] them the rest their growing bodies need.
Chant music has also been [[proven]] to be an [[effective]] [[tool]] for helping young children (ages 6 months to 6 years) rest and nap. The steady even [[tones]], the even pace and the [[fact]] that the words are in another [[language]] not known to the [[children]] all help to calm their [[bodies]] and their [[minds]] and allows them to easily rest comfortably [[assuring]] them the rest their growing bodies need.
==References==
==References==
# [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chant Online Etymology Dictionary]
# [https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chant Online Etymology Dictionary]
# Stolba, K. Marie (1994). The Development of Western Music: A History, 2nd Ed. WCB, Iowa.
# Stolba, K. Marie (1994). The Development of Western Music: A History, 2nd Ed. WCB, Iowa.
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.vedamu.org A site about Vedic chants]
*[https://www.vedamu.org A site about Vedic chants]
*[http://Buddhism.2be.net/Pali_Chanting Traditional Buddhist Chants (Texts and Audio) as in the Buddhist Encyclopedia]
*[https://Buddhism.2be.net/Pali_Chanting Traditional Buddhist Chants (Texts and Audio) as in the Buddhist Encyclopedia]
[[Category: Music]]
[[Category: Music]]
[[Category: Religion]]
[[Category: Religion]]