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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Emperor_julian_apostate.jpg|right|frame|<center>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_the_apostate Julian, the "apostate"]</center>]]
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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Emperor_julian_apostate.jpg|right|frame|<center>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_the_apostate Julian, the "apostate"]</center>]]
    
==Etymology==
 
==Etymology==
 
[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] apostasie, from Late Latin apostasia,  from [[Greek]], [[literally]], revolt, from aphistasthai to revolt, from apo- + histasthai to stand  
 
[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] apostasie, from Late Latin apostasia,  from [[Greek]], [[literally]], revolt, from aphistasthai to revolt, from apo- + histasthai to stand  
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]
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*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]
 
==Definitions==
 
==Definitions==
 
*1 : renunciation of a [[religious]] [[faith]]
 
*1 : renunciation of a [[religious]] [[faith]]
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Apostasy is generally not a self-definition: very few former [[believers]] call themselves apostates and they generally consider this term to be a pejorative. Many religious [[movements]] consider it a vice ([[sin]]), a corruption of the [[virtue]] of [[piety]] in the sense that when piety fails, apostasy is the result. Unlike apostasy, [[heresy]] is the rejection or corruption of certain [[doctrines]], not the complete abandonment of one's [[religion]]. Heretics claim to still be following a [[religion]] (or even to be the "true believers"), whereas apostates reject it entirely.
 
Apostasy is generally not a self-definition: very few former [[believers]] call themselves apostates and they generally consider this term to be a pejorative. Many religious [[movements]] consider it a vice ([[sin]]), a corruption of the [[virtue]] of [[piety]] in the sense that when piety fails, apostasy is the result. Unlike apostasy, [[heresy]] is the rejection or corruption of certain [[doctrines]], not the complete abandonment of one's [[religion]]. Heretics claim to still be following a [[religion]] (or even to be the "true believers"), whereas apostates reject it entirely.
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Many religious [[groups]] and some [[states]] punish apostates. Apostates may be shunned by the members of their former religious [[group]] or worse. This may be the official [[policy]] of the religious [[group]] or may happen [[spontaneously]]. A church may in certain [[circumstances]] [[respond]] to apostasy by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication excommunicating] the apostate, while some [[Abrahamic]] [[scriptures]] ([[Judaism]]: Deuteronomy 13:6-10) and [[Islam]]: al-Bukhari, Diyat, bab 6) demand the [[death]] penalty for apostates, although capital punishment for any offense is no longer permitted under Judaism.
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Many religious [[groups]] and some [[states]] punish apostates. Apostates may be shunned by the members of their former religious [[group]] or worse. This may be the official [[policy]] of the religious [[group]] or may happen [[spontaneously]]. A church may in certain [[circumstances]] [[respond]] to apostasy by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication excommunicating] the apostate, while some [[Abrahamic]] [[scriptures]] ([[Judaism]]: Deuteronomy 13:6-10) and [[Islam]]: al-Bukhari, Diyat, bab 6) demand the [[death]] penalty for apostates, although capital punishment for any offense is no longer permitted under Judaism.
 
==Sociological definitions==
 
==Sociological definitions==
The American [[sociologist]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_A._Coser Lewis A. Coser] (following the German philosopher and sociologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Scheler Max Scheler]) holds an apostate to be not just a [[person]] who [[experienced]] a [[dramatic]] [[change]] in [[conviction]] but “a man who, even in his new state of [[belief]], is [[spiritually]] living not primarily in the [[content]] of that [[faith]], in the pursuit of goals appropriate to it, but only in the [[struggle]] against the old [[faith]] and for the sake of its negation."
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The American [[sociologist]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_A._Coser Lewis A. Coser] (following the German philosopher and sociologist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Scheler Max Scheler]) holds an apostate to be not just a [[person]] who [[experienced]] a [[dramatic]] [[change]] in [[conviction]] but “a man who, even in his new state of [[belief]], is [[spiritually]] living not primarily in the [[content]] of that [[faith]], in the pursuit of goals appropriate to it, but only in the [[struggle]] against the old [[faith]] and for the sake of its negation."
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The American sociologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_G._Bromley David G. Bromley]] defined the apostate role as follows and distinguished it from the defector and whistleblower roles.
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The American sociologist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_G._Bromley David G. Bromley]] defined the apostate role as follows and distinguished it from the defector and whistleblower roles.
    
* ''Apostate role'': defined as one that occurs in a highly polarized situation in which an organization member undertakes a total change of loyalties by allying with one or more elements of an oppositional coalition without the consent or control of the organization. The narrative is one which documents the quintessentially evil essence of the apostate's former organization chronicled through the apostate's personal experience of capture and ultimate escape/rescue.
 
* ''Apostate role'': defined as one that occurs in a highly polarized situation in which an organization member undertakes a total change of loyalties by allying with one or more elements of an oppositional coalition without the consent or control of the organization. The narrative is one which documents the quintessentially evil essence of the apostate's former organization chronicled through the apostate's personal experience of capture and ultimate escape/rescue.
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* ''Whistleblower role'': defined here as one in which an organization member forms an alliance with an external regulatory unit through offering personal testimony concerning specific, contested organizational practices that is then used to sanction the organization. The narrative constructed jointly by the whistleblower and regulatory agency is one which depicts the whistleblower as motivated by personal conscience and the organization by defense of public interest.
 
* ''Whistleblower role'': defined here as one in which an organization member forms an alliance with an external regulatory unit through offering personal testimony concerning specific, contested organizational practices that is then used to sanction the organization. The narrative constructed jointly by the whistleblower and regulatory agency is one which depicts the whistleblower as motivated by personal conscience and the organization by defense of public interest.
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_A._Wright Stuart A. Wright], an American sociologist and [[author]], asserts that apostasy is a [[unique]] [[phenomenon]] and a distinct type of [[religious]] defection, in which the apostate is a defector "who is [[aligned]] with an [[oppositional]] coalition in an effort to broaden the dispute, and embraces [[public]] claimsmaking [[activities]] to attack his or her [[former]] [[group]]."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostate]
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_A._Wright Stuart A. Wright], an American sociologist and [[author]], asserts that apostasy is a [[unique]] [[phenomenon]] and a distinct type of [[religious]] defection, in which the apostate is a defector "who is [[aligned]] with an [[oppositional]] coalition in an effort to broaden the dispute, and embraces [[public]] claimsmaking [[activities]] to attack his or her [[former]] [[group]]."[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostate]
    
[[Category: Religion]]
 
[[Category: Religion]]

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