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Musica universalis (lit. universal music, or '''music of the spheres''') is an ancient philosophical [[concept]] that regards [[proportions]] in the movements of [[celestial]] bodies—the [[Sun]], [[Moon]], and [[planets]]—as a form of ''musica'' (the Medieval [[Latin]] name for music). This 'music' is not usually [[thought]] to be [[literally]] audible, but a harmonic and/or [[mathematical]] and/or [[religious]] concept. The idea continued to appeal to [[thinkers]] about music until the end of the [[Renaissance]], influencing [[scholars]] of many kinds, including humanists.
 
Musica universalis (lit. universal music, or '''music of the spheres''') is an ancient philosophical [[concept]] that regards [[proportions]] in the movements of [[celestial]] bodies—the [[Sun]], [[Moon]], and [[planets]]—as a form of ''musica'' (the Medieval [[Latin]] name for music). This 'music' is not usually [[thought]] to be [[literally]] audible, but a harmonic and/or [[mathematical]] and/or [[religious]] concept. The idea continued to appeal to [[thinkers]] about music until the end of the [[Renaissance]], influencing [[scholars]] of many kinds, including humanists.
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The Music of the Spheres incorporates the [[metaphysical]] principle that [[mathematical]] [[relationships]] express qualities or ‘[[tones]]' of [[energy]] which [[manifest]] in [[numbers]], visual angles, shapes and sounds – all connected within a [[pattern]] of [[proportion]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras Pythagoras] first identified that the pitch of a musical [[note]] is in proportion to the length of the string that produces it, and that [[intervals]] between harmonious sound [[frequencies]] form simple numerical [[ratios]]. In a [[theory]] known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony_of_the_Spheres Harmony of the Spheres], Pythagoras proposed that the [[Sun]], [[Moon]] and [[planets]] all emit their own unique hum ([[orbital]] [[resonance]]) based on their orbital revolution, and that the [[quality]] of life on Earth [[reflects]] the tenor of [[celestial]] [[sounds]] which are physically imperceptible to the human ear. Subsequently, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato] described [[astronomy]] and [[music]] as "twinned" studies of [[sensual]] recognition: astronomy for the eyes, music for the ears, and both requiring [[knowledge]] of [[numerical]] [[proportions]].
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The Music of the Spheres incorporates the [[metaphysical]] principle that [[mathematical]] [[relationships]] express qualities or ‘[[tones]]' of [[energy]] which [[manifest]] in [[numbers]], visual angles, shapes and sounds – all connected within a [[pattern]] of [[proportion]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras Pythagoras] first identified that the pitch of a musical [[note]] is in proportion to the length of the string that produces it, and that [[intervals]] between harmonious sound [[frequencies]] form simple numerical [[ratios]]. In a [[theory]] known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony_of_the_Spheres Harmony of the Spheres], Pythagoras proposed that the [[Sun]], [[Moon]] and [[planets]] all emit their own unique hum ([[orbital]] [[resonance]]) based on their orbital revolution, and that the [[quality]] of life on Earth [[reflects]] the tenor of [[celestial]] [[sounds]] which are physically imperceptible to the human ear. Subsequently, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato] described [[astronomy]] and [[music]] as "twinned" studies of [[sensual]] recognition: astronomy for the eyes, music for the ears, and both requiring [[knowledge]] of [[numerical]] [[proportions]].
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Later philosophers retained the close [[association]] between [[astronomy]], [[optics]], [[music]] and [[astrology]], including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy Ptolemy], who wrote influential [[texts]] on all these topics. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkindi Alkindi], in the 9th century, developed Ptolemy's ideas in ''De Aspectibus'' which [[explores]] many points of relevance to [[astrology]] and the use of planetary aspects.
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Later philosophers retained the close [[association]] between [[astronomy]], [[optics]], [[music]] and [[astrology]], including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy Ptolemy], who wrote influential [[texts]] on all these topics. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkindi Alkindi], in the 9th century, developed Ptolemy's ideas in ''De Aspectibus'' which [[explores]] many points of relevance to [[astrology]] and the use of planetary aspects.
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In the 17th century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Johannes Kepler], also influenced by [[arguments]] in Ptolemy’s ''Tetrabiblos, Optics and Harmonica'', compiled his ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi Harmonices Mundi]'' ('Harmony of the World'), which presented his own [[analysis]] of optical [[perceptions]], geometrical shapes, musical consonances and [[planetary]] [[harmonies]]. According to Kepler, the connection between [[geometry]] (and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_geometry sacred geometry]), [[cosmology]], [[astrology]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic harmonics], and [[music]] is through ''musica universalis''. Kepler regarded this [[text]] as the most important work of his [[career]], and the fifth part, concerning the role of [[planetary]] harmony in [[creation]], the crown of it. His premise was that, as an integral part of Universal Law, [[mathematical]] [[harmony]] is the key that binds all [[parts]] together: one theoretical [[proposition]] from his work introduced the minor planetary aspects and harmonics into astrology; another introduced [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion Kepler’s third law of planetary motion into astronomy].
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In the 17th century, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Johannes Kepler], also influenced by [[arguments]] in Ptolemy’s ''Tetrabiblos, Optics and Harmonica'', compiled his ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi Harmonices Mundi]'' ('Harmony of the World'), which presented his own [[analysis]] of optical [[perceptions]], geometrical shapes, musical consonances and [[planetary]] [[harmonies]]. According to Kepler, the connection between [[geometry]] (and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_geometry sacred geometry]), [[cosmology]], [[astrology]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic harmonics], and [[music]] is through ''musica universalis''. Kepler regarded this [[text]] as the most important work of his [[career]], and the fifth part, concerning the role of [[planetary]] harmony in [[creation]], the crown of it. His premise was that, as an integral part of Universal Law, [[mathematical]] [[harmony]] is the key that binds all [[parts]] together: one theoretical [[proposition]] from his work introduced the minor planetary aspects and harmonics into astrology; another introduced [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion Kepler’s third law of planetary motion into astronomy].
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The three branches of the Medieval concept of musica were presented by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boethius Boethius] in his book De Musica:
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The three branches of the Medieval concept of musica were presented by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boethius Boethius] in his book De Musica:
    
*''musica universalis'' (sometimes referred to as musica mundana)
 
*''musica universalis'' (sometimes referred to as musica mundana)
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*''musica instrumentalis'' (sounds made by singers and instrumentalists)
 
*''musica instrumentalis'' (sounds made by singers and instrumentalists)
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According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Heindel Max Heindel]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosicrucian Rosicrucian] writings, the heavenly "music of the spheres" is heard in the Region of Concrete Thought, the lower region of the mental plane, which is an ocean of harmony.
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According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Heindel Max Heindel]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosicrucian Rosicrucian] writings, the heavenly "music of the spheres" is heard in the Region of Concrete Thought, the lower region of the mental plane, which is an ocean of harmony.
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It is also referred to in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity Esoteric Christianity] as the place where the state of consciousness known as the "Second Heaven" occurs.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres]
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It is also referred to in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity Esoteric Christianity] as the place where the state of consciousness known as the "Second Heaven" occurs.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres]
    
[[Category: Mathematics]]
 
[[Category: Mathematics]]
 
[[Category: Cosmology]]
 
[[Category: Cosmology]]

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