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A '''narrative''' or story is created in a variety of formats - written, spoken, poetry, prose, images, song, [[Theatre|theater]] or [[dance]] that describe a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events.  It derives from the [[Latin]] verb ''narrare'', which means "to recount" and is related to the adjective ''gnarus'', meaning "'''knowing'''" or "'''skilled'''". (Ultimately derived from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root ''gnō-'', "to know".[http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE177.html]  The word "story" may be used as a synonym of "narrative", but can also be used to refer to the sequence of events described in a narrative.  A narrative can also be told by a character within a larger narrative.  An important part of narration is the ''narrative mode''.

A '''narrative''' or story is created in a variety of formats - written, spoken, poetry, prose, images, song, [[Theatre|theater]] or [[dance]] that describe a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events.  It derives from the [[Latin]] verb ''narrare'', which means "to recount" and is related to the adjective ''gnarus'', meaning "'''knowing'''" or "'''skilled'''". (Ultimately derived from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root ''gnō-'', "to know".[https://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE177.html]  The word "story" may be used as a synonym of "narrative", but can also be used to refer to the sequence of events described in a narrative.  A narrative can also be told by a character within a larger narrative.  An important part of narration is the ''narrative mode''.

Along with exposition, argumentation, and description, narration, broadly defined, is one of four [http://www.institute.daynal.org/archives/extended_reference/humanities/lang/rhetorica.html rhetorical modes] of [[discourse]].  More narrowly defined, it is the fiction-writing mode whereby the narrator communicates directly to the reader.

Along with exposition, argumentation, and description, narration, broadly defined, is one of four [https://www.institute.daynal.org/archives/extended_reference/humanities/lang/rhetorica.html rhetorical modes] of [[discourse]].  More narrowly defined, it is the fiction-writing mode whereby the narrator communicates directly to the reader.

Stories are an important aspect of [[culture]].  Many works of [[art]], and most works of [[literature]], tell stories; indeed, most of the [[humanities]] involve stories.

Stories are an important aspect of [[culture]].  Many works of [[art]], and most works of [[literature]], tell stories; indeed, most of the [[humanities]] involve stories.

As one of the four rhetorical modes of [[discourse]], the purpose of narration is to tell a story or to narrate an event or series of events.  Narrative may exist in a variety of forms, including biographies, anecdotes, short stories and novels.  In this [[context]], all written fiction may be viewed as narration.

As one of the four rhetorical modes of [[discourse]], the purpose of narration is to tell a story or to narrate an event or series of events.  Narrative may exist in a variety of forms, including biographies, anecdotes, short stories and novels.  In this [[context]], all written fiction may be viewed as narration.

Narrowly defined, narration is the fiction-writing mode whereby the narrator is communicating directly to the reader.  If, however, the broad definition of narration includes all written fiction, and the narrow definition is limited merely to that which is directly communicated to the reader, what comprises the rest of written fiction?  The remainder of written fiction would be in the form of any of the other fiction-writing modes.  Narration, as a fiction-writing mode, is a matter for discussion among fiction writers and writing coaches.[http://www.helium.com/tm/865120/narration-fiction-writing-narration]

Narrowly defined, narration is the fiction-writing mode whereby the narrator is communicating directly to the reader.  If, however, the broad definition of narration includes all written fiction, and the narrow definition is limited merely to that which is directly communicated to the reader, what comprises the rest of written fiction?  The remainder of written fiction would be in the form of any of the other fiction-writing modes.  Narration, as a fiction-writing mode, is a matter for discussion among fiction writers and writing coaches.[https://www.helium.com/tm/865120/narration-fiction-writing-narration]

== Psychological narrative ==

== Psychological narrative ==

Within [http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/V038 philosophy of mind], the [[Social Sciences|social sciences]] and various clinical fields including medicine, narrative can refer to aspects of human [[psychology]].[http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/narpsych/nrintro.html]. A personal narrative process is involved in a person's sense of personal or cultural [[identity]], and in the creation and construction of [[memory|memories]], and is thought by some to be the fundamental [[nature]] of the self. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a729208757~db=all~jumptype=rss]. The breakdown of a coherent or positive narrative has been implicated in the development of [[psychosis]] and other mental disorders, and its repair said to play an important role in journeys of recovery. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1949240].

Within [https://www.rep.routledge.com/article/V038 philosophy of mind], the [[Social Sciences|social sciences]] and various clinical fields including medicine, narrative can refer to aspects of human [[psychology]].[https://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/narpsych/nrintro.html]. A personal narrative process is involved in a person's sense of personal or cultural [[identity]], and in the creation and construction of [[memory|memories]], and is thought by some to be the fundamental [[nature]] of the self. [https://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a729208757~db=all~jumptype=rss]. The breakdown of a coherent or positive narrative has been implicated in the development of [[psychosis]] and other mental disorders, and its repair said to play an important role in journeys of recovery. [https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1949240].

===Other specific applications===

===Other specific applications===

* [[Narrative poetry]] is poetry that tells a story.

* [[Narrative poetry]] is poetry that tells a story.

==Sources==

==Sources==

#Oxford English Dictionary Online, "narrate, v.". Oxford University Press, 2007

#Oxford English Dictionary Online, "narrate, v.". Oxford University Press, 2007

#[http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE177.html The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000].

#[https://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE177.html The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000].

#Hevern, V. W. (2004, March). [http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/narpsych/nrintro.html Introduction and general overview. Narrative psychology: Internet and resource guide]. Le Moyne College. Retrieved September 28 2008.

#Hevern, V. W. (2004, March). [https://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/narpsych/nrintro.html Introduction and general overview. Narrative psychology: Internet and resource guide]. Le Moyne College. Retrieved September 28 2008.

#Dennett, Daniel C (1992) [http://cogprints.org/266/ The Self as a Center of Narrative Gravity].

#Dennett, Daniel C (1992) [https://cogprints.org/266/ The Self as a Center of Narrative Gravity].

#Dan McAdams (2004) [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a729208757~db=all~jumptype=rss Redemptive Self: Narrative Identity in America Today The Self and Memory, Volume 1, Part 3 August, pages 95 - 116]

#Dan McAdams (2004) [https://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a729208757~db=all~jumptype=rss Redemptive Self: Narrative Identity in America Today The Self and Memory, Volume 1, Part 3 August, pages 95 - 116]

#[Elisabeth Gold (2007) [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1949240 From narrative wreckage to islands of clarity: Stories of recovery from psychosis]

#[Elisabeth Gold (2007) [https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1949240 From narrative wreckage to islands of clarity: Stories of recovery from psychosis]

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

*Clandinin, D. J. & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.

*Clandinin, D. J. & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.

*[http://books.google.com/books?id=yVBXPf50EV0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22making+social+science+matter%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=CNCTRgLt1z1rRBTbFsPrUf_w_M0 Flyvbjerg, B. (2001). ''Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).]

*[https://books.google.com/books?id=yVBXPf50EV0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22making+social+science+matter%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=CNCTRgLt1z1rRBTbFsPrUf_w_M0 Flyvbjerg, B. (2001). ''Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).]

*[http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/Publications2006/0604FIVEMISPUBL2006.pdf Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). "Five Misunderstandings About Case Study Research." Qualitative Inquiry, vol. 12, no. 2, 219-245.]

*[https://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/Publications2006/0604FIVEMISPUBL2006.pdf Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). "Five Misunderstandings About Case Study Research." Qualitative Inquiry, vol. 12, no. 2, 219-245.]

*Genette, Gérard. (1980 [1972]). ''Narrative Discourse. An Essay in Method''. (Translated by Jane E. Lewin). Oxford: Blackwell.

*Genette, Gérard. (1980 [1972]). ''Narrative Discourse. An Essay in Method''. (Translated by Jane E. Lewin). Oxford: Blackwell.

*Hunter, Kathryn Montgomery (1991).  "Doctors' Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge."  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

*Hunter, Kathryn Montgomery (1991).  "Doctors' Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge."  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pcraddoc/narhand1.htm Some Ideas about Narrative] notes on narrative from an academic perspective

*[https://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pcraddoc/narhand1.htm Some Ideas about Narrative] notes on narrative from an academic perspective

*[http://www.storycode.com StoryCode] - is a free book recommendation service based on the analysis of narrative structures.

*[https://www.storycode.com StoryCode] - is a free book recommendation service based on the analysis of narrative structures.

*[http://www.narratology.net Narrnet - The Narratology Network]

*[https://www.narratology.net Narrnet - The Narratology Network]

*[http://www.uni-koeln.de/%7Eame02/pppn.htm Manfred Jahn. ''Narratology: A Guide to the Theory of Narrative'']

*[https://www.uni-koeln.de/%7Eame02/pppn.htm Manfred Jahn. ''Narratology: A Guide to the Theory of Narrative'']

*[http://www.NewYorkNarrative.com New York Narrative - NYC Story Blog] This is a clog (community blog) where writers can share their narratives.

*[https://www.NewYorkNarrative.com New York Narrative - NYC Story Blog] This is a clog (community blog) where writers can share their narratives.

*[http://www.slapastory.com/ Slap A Story] - Short Story Network

*[https://www.slapastory.com/ Slap A Story] - Short Story Network

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]