Changes

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] renunciacion, from Anglo-French, from [[Latin]] renuntiation-, renuntiatio, from renuntiare  to renounce

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] renunciacion, from Anglo-French, from [[Latin]] renuntiation-, renuntiatio, from renuntiare  to renounce

Saṃnyāsa in Sanskrit means "renunciation", "abandonment". It is a tripartite compound of saṃ- has "[[collective]]" [[meaning]], ni- means "down" and āsa is from the [[root]] as, meaning "to throw" or "to put", so a [[literal]] [[translation]] would be "laying it all down". In Dravidian [[languages]], "sanyasi" is pronounced as "sanyasi" and also "sannasi" in colloquial form.

Saṃnyāsa in Sanskrit means "renunciation", "abandonment". It is a tripartite compound of saṃ- has "[[collective]]" [[meaning]], ni- means "down" and āsa is from the [[root]] as, meaning "to throw" or "to put", so a [[literal]] [[translation]] would be "laying it all down". In Dravidian [[languages]], "sanyasi" is pronounced as "sanyasi" and also "sannasi" in colloquial form.

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

==Definition==

==Definition==

*the [[act]] or [[practice]] of renouncing : repudiation; specifically : [[ascetic]] self-denial

*the [[act]] or [[practice]] of renouncing : repudiation; specifically : [[ascetic]] self-denial

==Description==

==Description==

Sannyasa (Devanagari: संन्यास, sannyāsa) is the order of life of the renouncer within [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism Hindu] [[scheme]] of āśramas, or life [[stages]]. It is considered the topmost and final [[stage]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_ashram_system ashram] [[systems]] and is [[traditionally]] taken by men at or beyond the age of fifty years old or by young [[monks]]  who wish to [[dedicate]] their entire life towards [[spiritual]] pursuits. In this phase of life, the [[person]] develops vairāgya, or a state of dispassion and detachment from [[material]] life. He renounces all worldly [[thoughts]] and [[desires]], and spends the rest of his life in [[spiritual]] [[contemplation]]. One within the sannyasa order is known as a sannyasin.

Sannyasa (Devanagari: संन्यास, sannyāsa) is the order of life of the renouncer within [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism Hindu] [[scheme]] of āśramas, or life [[stages]]. It is considered the topmost and final [[stage]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_ashram_system ashram] [[systems]] and is [[traditionally]] taken by men at or beyond the age of fifty years old or by young [[monks]]  who wish to [[dedicate]] their entire life towards [[spiritual]] pursuits. In this phase of life, the [[person]] develops vairāgya, or a state of dispassion and detachment from [[material]] life. He renounces all worldly [[thoughts]] and [[desires]], and spends the rest of his life in [[spiritual]] [[contemplation]]. One within the sannyasa order is known as a sannyasin.

==Types==

==Types==

There are a [[number]] of [[types]] of sannyasi in accordance with [[Social|socio]]-[[religious]] [[context]]. [[Traditionally]] there are four types of forest [[Monk|hermits]] with [[different]] [[stages]] of [[dedication]]. In recent [[history]], two distinct orders are [[observed]] "ekadanda" ([[literally]] single stick) and "tridanda' (triple rod or stick) saffron robed monks, the first being part of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankaracarya Sankaracarya] [[tradition]] and the second is sannyasa followed by various [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnava vaishnava] [[traditions]] and introduced to the west by followers of the reformer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati_Thakura Siddhanta Sarasvati]. Austerities and [[attributes]] [[associated]] with the order, as well as expectations will differ in both.

There are a [[number]] of [[types]] of sannyasi in accordance with [[Social|socio]]-[[religious]] [[context]]. [[Traditionally]] there are four types of forest [[Monk|hermits]] with [[different]] [[stages]] of [[dedication]]. In recent [[history]], two distinct orders are [[observed]] "ekadanda" ([[literally]] single stick) and "tridanda' (triple rod or stick) saffron robed monks, the first being part of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankaracarya Sankaracarya] [[tradition]] and the second is sannyasa followed by various [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnava vaishnava] [[traditions]] and introduced to the west by followers of the reformer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati_Thakura Siddhanta Sarasvati]. Austerities and [[attributes]] [[associated]] with the order, as well as expectations will differ in both.

==Lifestyle and goals==

==Lifestyle and goals==

The sannyasi lives a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celibate celibate] life without [[possessions]], practises [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga yoga] [[meditation]] — or in other traditions, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti bhakti], or [[devotion]]al meditation, with [[prayers]] to their chosen [[deity]] or [[God]]. The goal of the Hindu Sannsyasin is moksha ([[liberation]]), the conception of which also varies. For the [[devotion]] oriented [[traditions]], liberation consists of [[union]] with the [[Divine]], while for Yoga oriented traditions, liberation is the experience of the highest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi samādhi] ([[enlightenment]]). For the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita Advaita] [[tradition]], [[liberation]] is the removal of all [[ignorance]] and realising oneself as one with the Supreme [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman Brahman].

The sannyasi lives a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celibate celibate] life without [[possessions]], practises [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga yoga] [[meditation]] — or in other traditions, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti bhakti], or [[devotion]]al meditation, with [[prayers]] to their chosen [[deity]] or [[God]]. The goal of the Hindu Sannsyasin is moksha ([[liberation]]), the conception of which also varies. For the [[devotion]] oriented [[traditions]], liberation consists of [[union]] with the [[Divine]], while for Yoga oriented traditions, liberation is the experience of the highest [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi samādhi] ([[enlightenment]]). For the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita Advaita] [[tradition]], [[liberation]] is the removal of all [[ignorance]] and realising oneself as one with the Supreme [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman Brahman].

==Legal and social status of renouncers==

==Legal and social status of renouncers==

In renouncing the world, the [[ascetic]] becomes, for all [[religious]] and [[social]] [[purposes]], [[dead]]. A [[ritual]] [[death]] is, in [[fact]], part of the rite of renunciation itself. The [[ascetic]] is no longer bound to perform the Vedic rites enjoined upon twice-born men; he leaves his [[family]] behind to live a homeless life. This [[state]] of [[being]] ritually dead is [[reflected]] in the [[laws]] relating to [[ascetics]] found in the Dharmaśāstras. Laws pertaining to renouncers are closely [[connected]] to and overlap with laws relating to the dead. Thus, Viṣṇu 6.27 states that when a debtor dies, renounces the world, or is in a far-off country for over twenty years, his [[male]] [[progeny]] should settle his debts. Nārada 13.24 allows the [[brothers]] of a renouncer to partition amongst themselves any inheritance he may have received from his [[father]], except for a portion of [[money]] which should go to his "widow". Nārada 12.97 allows a wife to remarry if her [[husband]] disappears or dies, or becomes a renouncer, a eunuch, or an outcaste. Some [[texts]], however, require that a man have provided [[financially]] for his wife and children before renouncing. Relatedly, Nārada 1.7 states that if a renouncer dies in debt, all the merit produced by his [[spiritual]] [[practice]] goes to his creditors.

In renouncing the world, the [[ascetic]] becomes, for all [[religious]] and [[social]] [[purposes]], [[dead]]. A [[ritual]] [[death]] is, in [[fact]], part of the rite of renunciation itself. The [[ascetic]] is no longer bound to perform the Vedic rites enjoined upon twice-born men; he leaves his [[family]] behind to live a homeless life. This [[state]] of [[being]] ritually dead is [[reflected]] in the [[laws]] relating to [[ascetics]] found in the Dharmaśāstras. Laws pertaining to renouncers are closely [[connected]] to and overlap with laws relating to the dead. Thus, Viṣṇu 6.27 states that when a debtor dies, renounces the world, or is in a far-off country for over twenty years, his [[male]] [[progeny]] should settle his debts. Nārada 13.24 allows the [[brothers]] of a renouncer to partition amongst themselves any inheritance he may have received from his [[father]], except for a portion of [[money]] which should go to his "widow". Nārada 12.97 allows a wife to remarry if her [[husband]] disappears or dies, or becomes a renouncer, a eunuch, or an outcaste. Some [[texts]], however, require that a man have provided [[financially]] for his wife and children before renouncing. Relatedly, Nārada 1.7 states that if a renouncer dies in debt, all the merit produced by his [[spiritual]] [[practice]] goes to his creditors.

Thus, renunciants are not only [[socially]] [[dead]] but [[legally]] dead as well. Like any dead person, they cannot enter into new contractual [[agreements]]. Kauṭilya provides a clear [[expression]] of this in the Arthaśāstra when he states that [[transactions]] cannot be completed by dependents and renouncers (3.1.12). Nārada 1.159-169 includes renouncers among those who cannot be questioned as [[witnesses]] in a [[court]] case.

Thus, renunciants are not only [[socially]] [[dead]] but [[legally]] dead as well. Like any dead person, they cannot enter into new contractual [[agreements]]. Kauṭilya provides a clear [[expression]] of this in the Arthaśāstra when he states that [[transactions]] cannot be completed by dependents and renouncers (3.1.12). Nārada 1.159-169 includes renouncers among those who cannot be questioned as [[witnesses]] in a [[court]] case.

Other rules pertaining to [[ascetics]] hinge on the [[spiritual]] [[power]] they were believed to have acquired through their austerities. The Bṛhaspatismṛti, at 1.27, warns the king to have a proxy, and specifically someone schooled in the three [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas Vedas], hear cases involving ascetics and others skilled in sorcery. Since ascetics were believed to have [[supernatural]] [[powers]], incurring the anger of the losing party to such a case would have been viewed as [[potentially]] threatening to a king's life. What is more important to the larger [[discussion]] of ascetics and Ancient Indian [[law]], however, is the acknowledgment that cases could and sometimes did involve ascetics, despite their legally and socially dead status.

Other rules pertaining to [[ascetics]] hinge on the [[spiritual]] [[power]] they were believed to have acquired through their austerities. The Bṛhaspatismṛti, at 1.27, warns the king to have a proxy, and specifically someone schooled in the three [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas Vedas], hear cases involving ascetics and others skilled in sorcery. Since ascetics were believed to have [[supernatural]] [[powers]], incurring the anger of the losing party to such a case would have been viewed as [[potentially]] threatening to a king's life. What is more important to the larger [[discussion]] of ascetics and Ancient Indian [[law]], however, is the acknowledgment that cases could and sometimes did involve ascetics, despite their legally and socially dead status.

==See also==

==See also==

*'''''[[Abandon]]'''''

*'''''[[Abandon]]'''''