Changes

[[Image:Blog_telepathy.jpg|right|frame|<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Adjutant_Mind_Spirits Integrated Mind Circuits]</center>]]

[[Image:Blog_telepathy.jpg|right|frame|<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Adjutant_Mind_Spirits Integrated Mind Circuits]</center>]]

'''Telepathy''', from the [[Greek language|Greek]] τελε, ''tele'' meaning "distant" and πάθεια, ''patheia'' meaning "to be affected by", describes the purported transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the [[Senses#Five classical senses|five classical senses]] (See [[Psi (parapsychology)|Psi]]). [http://parapsych.org/glossary_s_z.html#t Glossary of Parapsychological terms - Telepathy] - [[Parapsychological Association]], Retrieved [[December 19]], [[2006]] The term was coined in 1882 by the classical scholar [[Frederic William Henry Myers|Fredric W. H. Myers]], a founder of the [[Society for Psychical Research]],<ref name=skepdic1/> specifically to replace the earlier expression ''thought-transference''. A person who is able to make use of telepathy is said to be able to read the minds of others.  Telepathy, along with [[psychokinesis]] forms the main branches of [[parapsychological]] research, and many studies seeking to detect and understand telepathy have been done within the field.

'''Telepathy''', from the [[Greek language|Greek]] τελε, ''tele'' meaning "distant" and πάθεια, ''patheia'' meaning "to be affected by", describes the purported transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the [[Senses#Five classical senses|five classical senses]] (See [[Psi (parapsychology)|Psi]]). [https://parapsych.org/glossary_s_z.html#t Glossary of Parapsychological terms - Telepathy] - [[Parapsychological Association]], Retrieved [[December 19]], [[2006]] The term was coined in 1882 by the classical scholar [[Frederic William Henry Myers|Fredric W. H. Myers]], a founder of the [[Society for Psychical Research]],<ref name=skepdic1/> specifically to replace the earlier expression ''thought-transference''. A person who is able to make use of telepathy is said to be able to read the minds of others.  Telepathy, along with [[psychokinesis]] forms the main branches of [[parapsychological]] research, and many studies seeking to detect and understand telepathy have been done within the field.

Telepathy is a common theme in fiction and science fiction, with many [[superhero]]es and [[supervillain]]s having telepathic abilities. Such abilities include both sensing the thoughts of others, and controlling the minds of other people. [[Transhumanists]] believe that technologically enabled telepathy, called "techlepathy", will be the inevitable future of humanity, and seek to develop practical, safe devices for directly connecting human nervous systems.

Telepathy is a common theme in fiction and science fiction, with many [[superhero]]es and [[supervillain]]s having telepathic abilities. Such abilities include both sensing the thoughts of others, and controlling the minds of other people. [[Transhumanists]] believe that technologically enabled telepathy, called "techlepathy", will be the inevitable future of humanity, and seek to develop practical, safe devices for directly connecting human nervous systems.

===Technologically enabled telepathy===

===Technologically enabled telepathy===

[[Image:Converging_technologies.png|right]]

[[Image:Converging_technologies.png|right]]

Some people, occasionally referred to by themselves or others as "[[Transhumanism|transhumanists]]", believe that technologically enabled telepathy, coined "'''technopathy'''", will be the inevitable future of humanity. [[Kevin Warwick]] of the [[University of Reading]], [[England]] is one of the leading proponents of this view and has based all of his recent [[cybernetics]] research around developing practical, safe devices for directly connecting human nervous systems together with computers and with each other. He believes techno-enabled telepathy will in the future become the primary form of human communication. He predicts that this will happen by means of the principle of [[natural selection]], through which nearly everyone will have the need for such technology for economic and social reasons.[http://archives.betterhumans.com/Columns/Column/tabid/79/Column/267/Default.aspx] Evolving Towards Telepathy

Some people, occasionally referred to by themselves or others as "[[Transhumanism|transhumanists]]", believe that technologically enabled telepathy, coined "'''technopathy'''", will be the inevitable future of humanity. [[Kevin Warwick]] of the [[University of Reading]], [[England]] is one of the leading proponents of this view and has based all of his recent [[cybernetics]] research around developing practical, safe devices for directly connecting human nervous systems together with computers and with each other. He believes techno-enabled telepathy will in the future become the primary form of human communication. He predicts that this will happen by means of the principle of [[natural selection]], through which nearly everyone will have the need for such technology for economic and social reasons.[https://archives.betterhumans.com/Columns/Column/tabid/79/Column/267/Default.aspx] Evolving Towards Telepathy

==Telepathy in parapsychology==

==Telepathy in parapsychology==

[[Image:Cartas_Zener.svg.png|left]]

[[Image:Cartas_Zener.svg.png|left]]

Within the field of [[parapsychology]], telepathy is considered to be a form of [[extra-sensory perception]] (ESP) or [[anomalous cognition]] in which information is transferred through Psi. It is often categorized similarly to [[precognition]] and [[clairvoyance]].<ref name=parasoc2>[http://parapsych.org/glossary_e_k.html#e Glossary of Parapsychological terms - ESP], [[Parapsychological Association]], Retrieved [[December 19]], [[2006]]</ref> Various experiments have been used to test for telepathic abilities. Among the most well known are the use of [[Zener card]]s and the [[Ganzfeld experiment]].

Within the field of [[parapsychology]], telepathy is considered to be a form of [[extra-sensory perception]] (ESP) or [[anomalous cognition]] in which information is transferred through Psi. It is often categorized similarly to [[precognition]] and [[clairvoyance]].<ref name=parasoc2>[https://parapsych.org/glossary_e_k.html#e Glossary of Parapsychological terms - ESP], [[Parapsychological Association]], Retrieved [[December 19]], [[2006]]</ref> Various experiments have been used to test for telepathic abilities. Among the most well known are the use of [[Zener card]]s and the [[Ganzfeld experiment]].

Zener cards are cards marked with five distinctive symbols. When using them, one individual is designated the "sender" and another the "receiver". The sender must select a random card and visualize the symbol on it, while the receiver must attempt to determine that symbol using Psi. Statistically, the receiver has a 20% chance of randomly guessing the correct symbol, so in order to demonstrate telepathy, they must repeatedly score a success rate that is significantly higher than 20%.[http://www.skepdic.com/zener.html]. If not conducted properly, this method can be vulnerable to [[sensory leakage]] and [[card counting]].  

Zener cards are cards marked with five distinctive symbols. When using them, one individual is designated the "sender" and another the "receiver". The sender must select a random card and visualize the symbol on it, while the receiver must attempt to determine that symbol using Psi. Statistically, the receiver has a 20% chance of randomly guessing the correct symbol, so in order to demonstrate telepathy, they must repeatedly score a success rate that is significantly higher than 20%.[https://www.skepdic.com/zener.html]. If not conducted properly, this method can be vulnerable to [[sensory leakage]] and [[card counting]].  

When using the Ganzfeld experiment to test for telepathy, one individual is designated the receiver and is placed inside a controlled environment where they are [[sensory deprivation|deprived of sensory input]], and another is designated the sender and is placed in a separate location. The receiver is then required to receive information from the sender. The exact nature of the information may vary between experiments.<ref name="ConsciousUniverse"> ''The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena'' by Dean I. Radin Harper Edge, ISBN 0-06-251502-0</ref>

When using the Ganzfeld experiment to test for telepathy, one individual is designated the receiver and is placed inside a controlled environment where they are [[sensory deprivation|deprived of sensory input]], and another is designated the sender and is placed in a separate location. The receiver is then required to receive information from the sender. The exact nature of the information may vary between experiments.<ref name="ConsciousUniverse"> ''The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena'' by Dean I. Radin Harper Edge, ISBN 0-06-251502-0</ref>

==Skepticism and controversy==

==Skepticism and controversy==

The field which studies certain types of [[paranormal]] phenomena such as telepathy is called [[parapsychology]].   

The field which studies certain types of [[paranormal]] phenomena such as telepathy is called [[parapsychology]].   

There is a consensus within that field that some instances of telepathy are real.[http://parapsych.org/faq_file1.html#4 "What is parapsychology?"] From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association [http://parapsych.org/faq_file3.html#20 "What is the state-of-the-evidence for psi?"] From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association, Retrieved [[February 3]], [[2007]]</ref>  

There is a consensus within that field that some instances of telepathy are real.[https://parapsych.org/faq_file1.html#4 "What is parapsychology?"] From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association [https://parapsych.org/faq_file3.html#20 "What is the state-of-the-evidence for psi?"] From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association, Retrieved [[February 3]], [[2007]]</ref>  

Skeptics say that instances of what seem to be telepathy are explained as the result of fraud or self-delusion and that telepathy does not exist as a paranormal power.[http://www.skepdic.com/esp.html Skepdic.com on ESP]

Skeptics say that instances of what seem to be telepathy are explained as the result of fraud or self-delusion and that telepathy does not exist as a paranormal power.[https://www.skepdic.com/esp.html Skepdic.com on ESP]

Parapsychologists and skeptics agree that many of the instances of more popular psychic phenomena, such as [[mediumship|mediumism]], can be attributed to non-paranormal techniques such as [[cold reading]].[http://www.psy.gu.se/EJP/EJP1984Bauer.pdf Criticism and Controversy in Parapsychology - An Overview].  European Journal of Parapsychology (1984), 5, 141-166.  [http://www.psy.herts.ac.uk/wiseman/papers/MediumBJP.pdf Testing alleged mediumship: Methods and results]. [http://ianrowland.com/ItemsToBuy/ColdReading/ColdReadingMain1.html The Full Facts Book of Cold Reading]

Parapsychologists and skeptics agree that many of the instances of more popular psychic phenomena, such as [[mediumship|mediumism]], can be attributed to non-paranormal techniques such as [[cold reading]].[https://www.psy.gu.se/EJP/EJP1984Bauer.pdf Criticism and Controversy in Parapsychology - An Overview].  European Journal of Parapsychology (1984), 5, 141-166.  [https://www.psy.herts.ac.uk/wiseman/papers/MediumBJP.pdf Testing alleged mediumship: Methods and results]. [https://ianrowland.com/ItemsToBuy/ColdReading/ColdReadingMain1.html The Full Facts Book of Cold Reading]

Magicians such as [[Ian Rowland]] and [[Derren Brown]] have demonstrated techniques and results similar to those of popular psychics, but they proffer psychological explanations instead of paranormal ones. They have identified, described, and developed complex psychological techniques of [[cold reading]] and [[hot reading]].

Magicians such as [[Ian Rowland]] and [[Derren Brown]] have demonstrated techniques and results similar to those of popular psychics, but they proffer psychological explanations instead of paranormal ones. They have identified, described, and developed complex psychological techniques of [[cold reading]] and [[hot reading]].

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://archives.betterhumans.com/Columns/Column/tabid/79/Column/267/Default.aspx Evolving Towards Telepathy] &ndash; an article on the potential for technologically endowed telepathy, or "techlepathy"

*[https://archives.betterhumans.com/Columns/Column/tabid/79/Column/267/Default.aspx Evolving Towards Telepathy] &ndash; an article on the potential for technologically endowed telepathy, or "techlepathy"

*[http://pr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR12660.html California Institute of Technology] study using implanted electrodes in the [[ventrolateral prefrontal cortex]] ([[vPF]]), yielding findings on predicting the intentions of subjects to make movements

*[https://pr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR12660.html California Institute of Technology] study using implanted electrodes in the [[ventrolateral prefrontal cortex]] ([[vPF]]), yielding findings on predicting the intentions of subjects to make movements

*[http://www.its.caltech.edu/~rizzuto/publications/RizzutoEtal05.pdf PDF article in Nature Neuroscience] on "Spatial selectivity in human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex"

*[https://www.its.caltech.edu/~rizzuto/publications/RizzutoEtal05.pdf PDF article in Nature Neuroscience] on "Spatial selectivity in human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex"

*[http://twm.co.nz/herbert.htm Quantum Physicist Nick Herbert Ponders Instantaneous Communication]  

*[https://twm.co.nz/herbert.htm Quantum Physicist Nick Herbert Ponders Instantaneous Communication]  

*[http://www.parapsych.org/papers/44.pdf Primary Quantum Model of Telepathy (PDF)]

*[https://www.parapsych.org/papers/44.pdf Primary Quantum Model of Telepathy (PDF)]

*[http://skepdic.com/soalgoldney.html Soal-Goldney Experiment] - a critical evaluation of the Soal-Goldney Experiment, which claimed to prove the existence of telepathy

*[https://skepdic.com/soalgoldney.html Soal-Goldney Experiment] - a critical evaluation of the Soal-Goldney Experiment, which claimed to prove the existence of telepathy

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Parapsychology]]

[[Category: Parapsychology]]