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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1823]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1823]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1often capitalized :a (1) : a literary, artistic, and philosophical [[movement]] originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a [[reaction]] against [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassicism neoclassicism] and an emphasis on the [[imagination]] and [[emotions]], and marked especially in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature English literature] by sensibility and the use of [[autobiographical]] material, an exaltation of the [[primitive]] and the common man, an appreciation of external [[nature]], an interest in the remote, a predilection for [[melancholy]], and the use in [[poetry]] of older verse forms (2) : an aspect of romanticism

*1often capitalized :a (1) : a literary, artistic, and philosophical [[movement]] originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a [[reaction]] against [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassicism neoclassicism] and an emphasis on the [[imagination]] and [[emotions]], and marked especially in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature English literature] by sensibility and the use of [[autobiographical]] material, an exaltation of the [[primitive]] and the common man, an appreciation of external [[nature]], an interest in the remote, a predilection for [[melancholy]], and the use in [[poetry]] of older verse forms (2) : an aspect of romanticism

:b : adherence to a romantic [[attitude]] or style

:b : adherence to a romantic [[attitude]] or style

*2: the [[quality]] or state of being romantic  

*2: the [[quality]] or state of being romantic  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Romanticism''' (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, [[literary]], and [[intellectual]] [[movement]] that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolution Industrial Revolution], it was also a revolt against [[aristocratic]] social and [[political]] norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific [[rationalization]] of [[nature]]. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, [[music]], and [[literature]], but had a major impact on historiography, [[education]] and the [[natural sciences]]. Its effect on [[politics]] was considerable and [[complex]]; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with [[liberalism]] and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the [[growth]] of [[nationalism]] was probably more significant.

'''Romanticism''' (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, [[literary]], and [[intellectual]] [[movement]] that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolution Industrial Revolution], it was also a revolt against [[aristocratic]] social and [[political]] norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific [[rationalization]] of [[nature]]. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, [[music]], and [[literature]], but had a major impact on historiography, [[education]] and the [[natural sciences]]. Its effect on [[politics]] was considerable and [[complex]]; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with [[liberalism]] and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the [[growth]] of [[nationalism]] was probably more significant.

The [[movement]] validated strong [[emotion]] as an authentic source of [[aesthetic]] [[experience]], placing new emphasis on such emotions as [[apprehension]], [[horror]] and [[terror]], and [[awe]]—especially that which is experienced in confronting the [[sublimity]] of untamed [[nature]] and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and [[ancient]] [[custom]] to something [[noble]], made [[spontaneity]] a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" [[epistemology]] of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage. Romanticism reached beyond the [[rational]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classicism Classicist] [[ideal]] models to elevate a revived [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism medievalism] and elements of art and [[narrative]] perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to [[escape]] the confines of [[population]] growth, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl urban sprawl], and industrialism, and it also attempted to [[embrace]] the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococo Rococo] ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinoiserie chinoiserie]'', harnessing the [[power]] of the imagination to envision and to [[escape]].

The [[movement]] validated strong [[emotion]] as an authentic source of [[aesthetic]] [[experience]], placing new emphasis on such emotions as [[apprehension]], [[horror]] and [[terror]], and [[awe]]—especially that which is experienced in confronting the [[sublimity]] of untamed [[nature]] and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and [[ancient]] [[custom]] to something [[noble]], made [[spontaneity]] a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" [[epistemology]] of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage. Romanticism reached beyond the [[rational]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classicism Classicist] [[ideal]] models to elevate a revived [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism medievalism] and elements of art and [[narrative]] perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to [[escape]] the confines of [[population]] growth, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl urban sprawl], and industrialism, and it also attempted to [[embrace]] the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococo Rococo] ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinoiserie chinoiserie]'', harnessing the [[power]] of the imagination to envision and to [[escape]].

Although the [[movement]] was rooted in the German [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang Sturm und Drang] movement, which prized [[intuition]] and [[emotion]] over Enlightenment rationalism, the [[ideologies]] and events of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution] laid the background from which both Romanticism and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment Counter-Enlightenment] emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their [[influence]] on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from [[modern]] realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts) Realism]" was offered as a [[polarized]] opposite to Romanticism. Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as [[heroic]] individualists and artists, whose [[pioneering]] examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual [[imagination]] as a critical [[authority]], which permitted [[freedom]] from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural [[inevitability]], a [[Zeitgeist]], in the [[representation]] of its [[ideas]].

Although the [[movement]] was rooted in the German [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang Sturm und Drang] movement, which prized [[intuition]] and [[emotion]] over Enlightenment rationalism, the [[ideologies]] and events of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution] laid the background from which both Romanticism and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment Counter-Enlightenment] emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their [[influence]] on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from [[modern]] realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts) Realism]" was offered as a [[polarized]] opposite to Romanticism. Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as [[heroic]] individualists and artists, whose [[pioneering]] examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual [[imagination]] as a critical [[authority]], which permitted [[freedom]] from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural [[inevitability]], a [[Zeitgeist]], in the [[representation]] of its [[ideas]].

==See also==

==See also==

*'''''[[Romance]]'''''

*'''''[[Romance]]'''''