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From Nordan Symposia
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==Origin==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952 1952] as in ''doublethink''
==Quote==
When all think alike, the no one is thinking. - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter Lippman Walter Lippman]
==Definitions==
*1: a [[pattern]] of [[thought]] characterized by self-[[deception]], forced manufacture of [[consent]], and [[conformity]] to group [[values]] and [[ethics]]
==Description==
'''''Groupthink''''' is a psychological [[phenomenon]] that occurs within a group of people in which the [[desire]] for [[harmony]] or [[conformity]] in the group results in an irrational or [[dysfunctional]] [[decision]]-making outcome. Cohesiveness, or the desire for cohesiveness, in a group may produce a tendency among its members to agree at all costs. This causes the group to minimize [[conflict]] and reach a [[consensus]] decision without critical [[evaluation]].
Groupthink is a construct of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology social psychology], but has an extensive reach and influences [[literature]] in the fields of communication studies, [[political science]], management, and organizational theory, as well as important aspects of deviant religious [[cult]] behaviour.
Groupthink is sometimes stated to occur (more broadly) within natural groups within the [[community]], for example to explain the lifelong different mindsets of those with differing political views (such as "conservatism" and "liberalism" in the U.S. political context or the purported benefits of team work vs. work conducted in [[solitude]]. However, this conformity of viewpoints within a group does not mainly involve deliberate group decision-making, and might be better explained by the [[collective]] [[confirmation]] bias of the [[individual]] members of the group.
Groupthink requires individuals to avoid raising [[controversial]] issues or [[alternative]] solutions, and there is loss of individual [[creativity]], uniqueness and independent thinking. The dysfunctional group dynamics of the "ingroup" produces an "illusion of invulnerability" (an inflated [[certainty]] that the right decision has been made). Thus the "ingroup" significantly overrates its own abilities in decision-making and significantly underrates the abilities of its opponents (the "outgroup"). Furthermore, groupthink can produce dehumanizing actions against the "outgroup". Members of a group can often feel [[peer pressure]] to "go along with the crowd" in fear of rocking the boat or of what them speaking up will do to the overall to how their teammates perceive them. Group [[interactions]] tend to favor clear and harmonious agreements and it can be a cause for concern when little to no new innovations or arguments for better policies, outcomes and structures are called to question. Groupthink can often be referred to as a group of “yes men” because group activities and group projects in general make it extremely easy to pass on not offering constructive [[opinions]].
Some methods that have been used to counteract group think in the past is selecting teams from more [[diverse]] backgrounds, and even mixing men and women for groups. Groupthink can be considered by many to be a detriment to companies, [[organizations]] and in any work situations. Most positions that are senior level need individuals to be independent in their thinking. There is a positive correlation found between outstanding executives and decisiveness. Groupthink also prohibits an organization from moving forward and innovating if no one ever speaks up and says something could be done differently.
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
==Origin==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952 1952] as in ''doublethink''
==Quote==
When all think alike, the no one is thinking. - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter Lippman Walter Lippman]
==Definitions==
*1: a [[pattern]] of [[thought]] characterized by self-[[deception]], forced manufacture of [[consent]], and [[conformity]] to group [[values]] and [[ethics]]
==Description==
'''''Groupthink''''' is a psychological [[phenomenon]] that occurs within a group of people in which the [[desire]] for [[harmony]] or [[conformity]] in the group results in an irrational or [[dysfunctional]] [[decision]]-making outcome. Cohesiveness, or the desire for cohesiveness, in a group may produce a tendency among its members to agree at all costs. This causes the group to minimize [[conflict]] and reach a [[consensus]] decision without critical [[evaluation]].
Groupthink is a construct of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology social psychology], but has an extensive reach and influences [[literature]] in the fields of communication studies, [[political science]], management, and organizational theory, as well as important aspects of deviant religious [[cult]] behaviour.
Groupthink is sometimes stated to occur (more broadly) within natural groups within the [[community]], for example to explain the lifelong different mindsets of those with differing political views (such as "conservatism" and "liberalism" in the U.S. political context or the purported benefits of team work vs. work conducted in [[solitude]]. However, this conformity of viewpoints within a group does not mainly involve deliberate group decision-making, and might be better explained by the [[collective]] [[confirmation]] bias of the [[individual]] members of the group.
Groupthink requires individuals to avoid raising [[controversial]] issues or [[alternative]] solutions, and there is loss of individual [[creativity]], uniqueness and independent thinking. The dysfunctional group dynamics of the "ingroup" produces an "illusion of invulnerability" (an inflated [[certainty]] that the right decision has been made). Thus the "ingroup" significantly overrates its own abilities in decision-making and significantly underrates the abilities of its opponents (the "outgroup"). Furthermore, groupthink can produce dehumanizing actions against the "outgroup". Members of a group can often feel [[peer pressure]] to "go along with the crowd" in fear of rocking the boat or of what them speaking up will do to the overall to how their teammates perceive them. Group [[interactions]] tend to favor clear and harmonious agreements and it can be a cause for concern when little to no new innovations or arguments for better policies, outcomes and structures are called to question. Groupthink can often be referred to as a group of “yes men” because group activities and group projects in general make it extremely easy to pass on not offering constructive [[opinions]].
Some methods that have been used to counteract group think in the past is selecting teams from more [[diverse]] backgrounds, and even mixing men and women for groups. Groupthink can be considered by many to be a detriment to companies, [[organizations]] and in any work situations. Most positions that are senior level need individuals to be independent in their thinking. There is a positive correlation found between outstanding executives and decisiveness. Groupthink also prohibits an organization from moving forward and innovating if no one ever speaks up and says something could be done differently.
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
