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==History==
 
==History==
The word ''energy'' derives from Greek ''ἐνέργεια'' (''energeia''), which appears for the first time in the work [[Nicomachean Ethics]][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3aabo%3atlg%2c0086%2c010%3a1098b%3a33&vers=original&word=e%29ne%2frgeia#word1 Aristotle, "Nicomachean Ethics", 1098b33, at Perseus] of [[Aristotle]] in the 4th century BC. In 1021 AD, the Arabian [[physics|physicist]], [[Ibn al-Haytham|Alhazen]], in the ''Book of Optics'', held [[light]] rays to be streams of minute energy particles, stating that "the smallest parts of light" retain "only properties that can be treated by geometry and verified by [[experiment]]" and that "they lack all sensible qualities except energy."  In 1121, [[Al-Khazini]], in ''The Book of the Balance of Wisdom'', proposed that the gravitational potential energy of a body varies depending on its distance from the centre of the Earth. (Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science ISBN 0415124107
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The word ''energy'' derives from Greek ''ἐνέργεια'' (''energeia''), which appears for the first time in the work [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3aabo%3atlg%2c0086%2c010%3a1098b%3a33&vers=original&word=e%29ne%2frgeia#word1 "Nicomachean Ethics"] by [[Aristotle]] in the 4th century BC. In 1021 AD, the Arabian [[physics|physicist]], [[Ibn al-Haytham|Alhazen]], in the ''Book of Optics'', held [[light]] rays to be streams of minute energy particles, stating that "the smallest parts of light" retain "only properties that can be treated by geometry and verified by [[experiment]]" and that "they lack all sensible qualities except energy."  In 1121, [[Al-Khazini]], in ''The Book of the Balance of Wisdom'', proposed that the gravitational potential energy of a body varies depending on its distance from the centre of the Earth. (Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science ISBN 0415124107
    
The [[concept]] of energy emerged out of the idea of vis viva, which [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]] defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared; he believed that total vis viva was conserved. To account for slowing due to friction, Leibniz claimed that heat consisted of the random motion of the constituent parts of matter — a view shared by [[Isaac Newton]], although it would be more than a century until this was generally accepted. In 1807, Thomas Young was the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense. (The Science of Energy - a Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victorian Britain ISBN 0-226-76420-6) Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "[[kinetic energy]]" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy."
 
The [[concept]] of energy emerged out of the idea of vis viva, which [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]] defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared; he believed that total vis viva was conserved. To account for slowing due to friction, Leibniz claimed that heat consisted of the random motion of the constituent parts of matter — a view shared by [[Isaac Newton]], although it would be more than a century until this was generally accepted. In 1807, Thomas Young was the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense. (The Science of Energy - a Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victorian Britain ISBN 0-226-76420-6) Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "[[kinetic energy]]" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy."

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