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Jump to navigationJump to searchNew page: Image:lighterstill.jpgright|frame '''System''' (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma) is a set of interacting or [[Interdepen...
[[Image:lighterstill.jpg]][[Image:Quantumcomputing.jpg|right|frame]]
'''System''' (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma) is a set of interacting or [[Interdependence|interdependent]] entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole.
The [[concept]] of an 'integrated whole' can also be stated in terms of a system embodying a set of relationships which are differentiated from relationships of the set to other elements, and from relationships between an element of the set and elements not a part of the relational regime.
The scientific [[research]] field which is engaged in the study of the general properties of systems include [[systems theory]], systems science, systemics and systems engineering. They investigate the [[abstract]] properties of the [[matter]] and organization, searching [[concepts]] and principles which are independent of the specific domain, substance, type, or temporal scales of [[existence]].
Most systems share the same common characteristics. These common characteristics include the following
* Systems are abstractions of [[reality]].
* Systems have [[structure]] which is defined by its parts and their composition.
* Systems have [[behavior]], which involves inputs, processing and outputs of material, [[information]] or [[energy]].
* Systems have interconnectivity, the various parts of a system have functional as well as structural relationships between each other.
The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs [[behavior]] or [[structure]].
==Further reading==
# Alexander Backlund (2000). "The definition of system". In: Kybernetes Vol. 29 nr. 4, pp. 444-451.
# Kenneth D. Bailey (1994). Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis. New York: State of New York Press.
# Bela H. Banathy (1997). "A Taste of Systemics", ISSS The Primer Project.
# Walter F. Buckley (1967). Sociology and Modern Systems Theory, New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
# Peter Checkland (1997). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
# Robert L. Flood (1999). Rethinking the Fifth Discipline: Learning within the unknowable. London: Routledge.
# George J. Klir (1969). Approach to General Systems Theory, 1969.
==External links==
* [http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/4b.html ''Definitions of Systems and Models''] by Michael Pidwirny, 1999-2007.
* [http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/System/System_Definitionen.htm ''Definitionen von "System" (1572-2002)''] by Roland Müller, 2001-2007 (most in German).
[[Category: General Reference]]
'''System''' (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma) is a set of interacting or [[Interdependence|interdependent]] entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole.
The [[concept]] of an 'integrated whole' can also be stated in terms of a system embodying a set of relationships which are differentiated from relationships of the set to other elements, and from relationships between an element of the set and elements not a part of the relational regime.
The scientific [[research]] field which is engaged in the study of the general properties of systems include [[systems theory]], systems science, systemics and systems engineering. They investigate the [[abstract]] properties of the [[matter]] and organization, searching [[concepts]] and principles which are independent of the specific domain, substance, type, or temporal scales of [[existence]].
Most systems share the same common characteristics. These common characteristics include the following
* Systems are abstractions of [[reality]].
* Systems have [[structure]] which is defined by its parts and their composition.
* Systems have [[behavior]], which involves inputs, processing and outputs of material, [[information]] or [[energy]].
* Systems have interconnectivity, the various parts of a system have functional as well as structural relationships between each other.
The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs [[behavior]] or [[structure]].
==Further reading==
# Alexander Backlund (2000). "The definition of system". In: Kybernetes Vol. 29 nr. 4, pp. 444-451.
# Kenneth D. Bailey (1994). Sociology and the New Systems Theory: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis. New York: State of New York Press.
# Bela H. Banathy (1997). "A Taste of Systemics", ISSS The Primer Project.
# Walter F. Buckley (1967). Sociology and Modern Systems Theory, New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
# Peter Checkland (1997). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
# Robert L. Flood (1999). Rethinking the Fifth Discipline: Learning within the unknowable. London: Routledge.
# George J. Klir (1969). Approach to General Systems Theory, 1969.
==External links==
* [http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/4b.html ''Definitions of Systems and Models''] by Michael Pidwirny, 1999-2007.
* [http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/System/System_Definitionen.htm ''Definitionen von "System" (1572-2002)''] by Roland Müller, 2001-2007 (most in German).
[[Category: General Reference]]
