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==Definition==
===Adjective===
*1. Of or pertaining to force producing motion: often opposed to static.
*2. Of or pertaining to force in action or operation; active.
*3. transf. and fig. a. Active, potent, energetic, effective, forceful.
:b. Opposed to static.
*4. Of, according to, or pertaining to the science of DYNAMICS: as the dynamic theory of the tides.
*5. Med. a. Functional, in contradistinction to organic; as in dynamic disease. b. With Hahnemann and his followers: Of the nature of some immaterial or ‘spiritual’ influence. c. Attended with a morbid increase of vital action, sthenic (obs.).
*6. In the Kantian philosophy: Relating to the reason of existence of an object of experience.
dynamic relations, the relations between objects as forming parts of one connected experience: viz. the relations of substance and accident, of cause and effect, and of substances acting upon each other. dynamic category, a category that expresses one of the dynamic relations. dynamic synthesis, a synthesis which is guided by the dynamic categories.
*7. Relating to the existence or action of some force or forces; applied esp. to a theory that accounts for matter, or for mind, as being merely the action of forces: see DYNAMISM 1. dynamic theory of Kant, a theory according to which matter was conceived to be constituted by two antagonistic principles of attraction and repulsion.
*8. Mus. Of, pertaining to, or indicating the volume of sound from a musical instrument or in a musical performance. Also transf.
*9. dynamic braking = electric braking; dynamic equator (see quot. 1883); dynamic metamorphism (also dynamical m.) Geol., metamorphism produced by mechanical forces; dynamic pressure, the pressure in a fluid that is due to its motion.
===Psychodynamics===
'''Psychodynamics''' is the [[system]]atized study and theory of the [[psychological]] [[force]]s that underlie [[human]] [[behavior]], emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation.[1]
The original concept of "psychodynamics" was developed by [[Sigmund Freud]].[2] Freud suggested that psychological [[process]]es are [[flow]]s of psychological [[energy]] in a complex brain, establishing "psychodynamics" on the basis of psychological energy, which he referred to as [[libido]].
The psychodynamic psychotherapy is a less intensive form compared to classical [[psychoanalysis]] practiced by strict Freudians, demanding sessions only once weekly instead of 3-5 times weekly which was typical for [[tradition]]al psychoanalysts.
Psychodynamic therapies depend on a theory of [[inner life|inner conflicts]] which surface in behaviour or [[emotion]]s. Generally, one conflict is [[subconscious]].[3]
===Overview===
In general, psychodynamics, also known as dynamic psychology, is the study of the interrelationship of various parts of the [[mind]], [[personality]], or psyche as they relate to mental, emotional, or motivational [[force]]s especially at the unconscious level.[4][5][6] The mental forces involved in psychodynamics are often divided into two parts:[7] (a) interaction of emotional forces: the interaction of the emotional and motivational forces that affect behavior and mental states, especially on a subconscious level; (b) inner forces affecting behavior: the study of the emotional and motivational forces that affect behavior and [[states]] of [[mind]];.
Freud proposed that psychological energy was constant (hence, emotional changes consisted only in displacements) and that it tended to rest (point attractor) through discharge ([[catharsis]]).[8]
In mate selection psychology, psychodynamics is defined as the study of the [[force]]s, motives, and energy generated by the deepest of human needs.[9]
In general, psychodynamics studies the [[transformation]]s and exchanges of "[[psychic]] [[energy]]" within the personality.[5] A [[focus]] in psychodynamics is the connection between the energetics of emotional states in the [[id]], [[ego]], and [[superego]] as they relate to early childhood developments and processes. At the [[heart]] of psychological processes, according to Freud, is the [[ego]], which he envisions as battling with three forces: the id, the super-ego, and the outside world.[4] Hence, the basic psychodynamic model focuses on the dynamic interactions between the id, ego, and superego.[10] Psychodynamics, subsequently, attempts to explain or interpret behavior or mental states in terms of innate emotional forces or processes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamics
==System Dynamics==
[[File:Adoption_SFD_ANI.gif]]
'''System dynamics''' is an approach to understanding the [[behaviour]] of [[complex]] [[system]]s over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and [[time]] delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system.[1] What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and [[flow]]s. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling [[nonlinearity]].
===Overview===
System dynamics is a [[power]]ful [[method]]ology and computer [[simulation]] [[modeling]] [[technique]] for framing, understanding, and discussing complex issues and problems. Originally developed in the 1950s to help corporate managers improve their understanding of industrial [[process]]es, system dynamics is currently being used throughout the [[public]] and [[private]] sector for policy [[analysis]] and [[design]].[2]
System dynamics is an aspect of [[systems theory]] as a method for understanding the dynamic [[behavior]] of complex systems. The basis of the method is the recognition that the [[structure]] of any system — the many circular, interlocking, sometimes time-delayed relationships among its components — is often just as important in determining its behavior as the individual components themselves. Examples are [[chaos]] theory and social dynamics. It is also claimed that because there are often properties-of-the-whole which cannot be found among the properties-of-the-elements, in some cases the behavior of the whole cannot be explained in terms of the behavior of the parts.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics]
==Reference Notes==
# MIT System Dynamics in Education Project (SDEP)
# Robert A. Taylor (2008). "Origin of System Dynamics: Jay W. Forrester and the History of System Dynamics". In: U.S. Department of Energy's Introduction to System Dynamics. Retrieved 23 Oktober 2008.
# What is psychodynamics? - WebMD, Stedman’s Medical Dictionary 28th Edition, Copyright© 2006_Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
# Bowlby, John (1999). Attachment and Loss: Vol I, 2nd Ed.. Basic Books. pp. 13–23. ISBN 0-465-00543-8.
# Adapted from Corsini and Wedding 2008; Corsini, R. J., & Wedding, D. (2008) Current Psychotherapies, 8th Edition. Belmont, CA.: Thomson Brooks/Cole. (pp. 15-17).
# Freud, Sigmund (1923). The Ego and the Id. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. (4–5). ISBN 0-393-0042-3.
# Hall, Calvin, S. (1954). A Primer in Freudian Psychology. Meridian Book. ISBN 0452011833.
# Psychodynamics (1874) - (1) the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental states; (2) explanation ! or interpretation, as of behavior or mental states, in terms of mental or emotional forces or processes; (3) motivational forces acting especially at the unconscious level. Source: Merriam-Webster, 2000, CD-ROM, version 2.5
# Psychodynamics – Microsoft Encarta
# Robertson, Robin; Combs, Allan (1995). Chaos theory in Psychology and Life Sciences. LEA, Inc.. p. (83). ISBN 0805817379.
# Klimek, David (1979). Beneath Mate Selection and Marriage - the Unconscious Motives in Human Pairing. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 3. ISBN 0-442-23074-5.
# Ahles, Scott, R. (2004). Our Inner World: A Guide to Psychodynamics and Psychotherapy. John Hopkins University Press. pp. (1–2). ISBN 0801878365.
# Horowitz, Mardi, J. (1988). Introduction to Psychodynamics - a New Synthesis. Basic Books. p. 3. ISBN 0-465-03561-2.
# Berne, Eric (1964). Games People Play – The Basic Hand Book of Transactional Analysis. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-41003-3.
# Walsh, Anthony (1991). The Science of Love - Understanding Love and its Effects on Mind and Body. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 58. ISBN 0-87957-648-9.
# Hall, Calvin S.; Nordby, Vernon J. (1999). A Primer of Jungian Psychology. New York: Meridian. ISBN 0-452-01186-8.
# niu.edu Outline of the Major Points in Carl Jung's Contributions to Psychology
# Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. (pgs. 4,6). New York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2
# Marsh, Ann. (2005). “The Art of Work” Fast Company, Issue 97, August, pg. 76.
# Psychodynamics - an Introduction
# Horowitz, Mardi, J. (2001). Cognitive Psychodynamics – from Conflict to Character. Wiley. ISBN 0471117722.
==Further reading==
*Forrester, Jay W. (1961). Industrial Dynamics. Pegasus Communications. ISBN 1883823366.
*Forrester, Jay W. (1969). Urban Dynamics. Pegasus Communications. ISBN 1883823390.
*Meadows, Donella H. (1972). Limits to Growth. New York: University books. ISBN 0-87663-165-0.
*Morecroft, John (2007). Strategic Modelling and Business Dynamics: A Feedback Systems Approach. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0470012862.
*Roberts, Edward B. (1978). Managerial Applications of System Dynamics. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 026218088X.
*Randers, Jorgen (1980). Elements of the System Dynamics Method. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 0915299399.
*Senge, Peter (1990). The Fifth Discipline. Currency. ISBN 0-385-26095-4.
*Sterman, John D. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-231135-5.
*Brown, Junius Flagg & Menninger, Karl Augustus (1940). The Psychodynamics of Abnormal Behavior, 484 pages, McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc.
*Weiss, Edoardo (1950). Principles of Psychodynamics, 268 pages, Grune & Stratton
Pearson Education (1970). The Psychodynamics of Patient Care Prentice Hall, 422 pgs. Standford University: *Higher Education Division.
*Jean Laplanche et J.B. Pontalis (1974). The Language of Psycho-Analysis, Editeur: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-01105-4
*Raphael-Leff, Joan (2005). Parent Infant Psychodynamics – Wild Things, Mirrors, and Ghosts. Wiley. ISBN 1-86156-346-9.
[edit]External links
== External links ==
*[http://www.systemdynamics.org/DL-IntroSysDyn/ U.S. Department of Energy's Introduction to System Dynamics]
*[http://web.mit.edu/jsterman/www/DID.html Desert Island Dynamics] "An Annotated Survey of the Essential System Dynamics Literature"
* [http://www.sba.oakland.edu/faculty/schwartz/PCJABS.htm The Psychodynamics of Political Correctness]
* [http://www.new-paradigm.co.uk/Large-groups.htm Psychodynamics & Large Groups]
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category: Sociology]]
==Definition==
===Adjective===
*1. Of or pertaining to force producing motion: often opposed to static.
*2. Of or pertaining to force in action or operation; active.
*3. transf. and fig. a. Active, potent, energetic, effective, forceful.
:b. Opposed to static.
*4. Of, according to, or pertaining to the science of DYNAMICS: as the dynamic theory of the tides.
*5. Med. a. Functional, in contradistinction to organic; as in dynamic disease. b. With Hahnemann and his followers: Of the nature of some immaterial or ‘spiritual’ influence. c. Attended with a morbid increase of vital action, sthenic (obs.).
*6. In the Kantian philosophy: Relating to the reason of existence of an object of experience.
dynamic relations, the relations between objects as forming parts of one connected experience: viz. the relations of substance and accident, of cause and effect, and of substances acting upon each other. dynamic category, a category that expresses one of the dynamic relations. dynamic synthesis, a synthesis which is guided by the dynamic categories.
*7. Relating to the existence or action of some force or forces; applied esp. to a theory that accounts for matter, or for mind, as being merely the action of forces: see DYNAMISM 1. dynamic theory of Kant, a theory according to which matter was conceived to be constituted by two antagonistic principles of attraction and repulsion.
*8. Mus. Of, pertaining to, or indicating the volume of sound from a musical instrument or in a musical performance. Also transf.
*9. dynamic braking = electric braking; dynamic equator (see quot. 1883); dynamic metamorphism (also dynamical m.) Geol., metamorphism produced by mechanical forces; dynamic pressure, the pressure in a fluid that is due to its motion.
===Psychodynamics===
'''Psychodynamics''' is the [[system]]atized study and theory of the [[psychological]] [[force]]s that underlie [[human]] [[behavior]], emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation.[1]
The original concept of "psychodynamics" was developed by [[Sigmund Freud]].[2] Freud suggested that psychological [[process]]es are [[flow]]s of psychological [[energy]] in a complex brain, establishing "psychodynamics" on the basis of psychological energy, which he referred to as [[libido]].
The psychodynamic psychotherapy is a less intensive form compared to classical [[psychoanalysis]] practiced by strict Freudians, demanding sessions only once weekly instead of 3-5 times weekly which was typical for [[tradition]]al psychoanalysts.
Psychodynamic therapies depend on a theory of [[inner life|inner conflicts]] which surface in behaviour or [[emotion]]s. Generally, one conflict is [[subconscious]].[3]
===Overview===
In general, psychodynamics, also known as dynamic psychology, is the study of the interrelationship of various parts of the [[mind]], [[personality]], or psyche as they relate to mental, emotional, or motivational [[force]]s especially at the unconscious level.[4][5][6] The mental forces involved in psychodynamics are often divided into two parts:[7] (a) interaction of emotional forces: the interaction of the emotional and motivational forces that affect behavior and mental states, especially on a subconscious level; (b) inner forces affecting behavior: the study of the emotional and motivational forces that affect behavior and [[states]] of [[mind]];.
Freud proposed that psychological energy was constant (hence, emotional changes consisted only in displacements) and that it tended to rest (point attractor) through discharge ([[catharsis]]).[8]
In mate selection psychology, psychodynamics is defined as the study of the [[force]]s, motives, and energy generated by the deepest of human needs.[9]
In general, psychodynamics studies the [[transformation]]s and exchanges of "[[psychic]] [[energy]]" within the personality.[5] A [[focus]] in psychodynamics is the connection between the energetics of emotional states in the [[id]], [[ego]], and [[superego]] as they relate to early childhood developments and processes. At the [[heart]] of psychological processes, according to Freud, is the [[ego]], which he envisions as battling with three forces: the id, the super-ego, and the outside world.[4] Hence, the basic psychodynamic model focuses on the dynamic interactions between the id, ego, and superego.[10] Psychodynamics, subsequently, attempts to explain or interpret behavior or mental states in terms of innate emotional forces or processes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamics
==System Dynamics==
[[File:Adoption_SFD_ANI.gif]]
'''System dynamics''' is an approach to understanding the [[behaviour]] of [[complex]] [[system]]s over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and [[time]] delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system.[1] What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and [[flow]]s. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling [[nonlinearity]].
===Overview===
System dynamics is a [[power]]ful [[method]]ology and computer [[simulation]] [[modeling]] [[technique]] for framing, understanding, and discussing complex issues and problems. Originally developed in the 1950s to help corporate managers improve their understanding of industrial [[process]]es, system dynamics is currently being used throughout the [[public]] and [[private]] sector for policy [[analysis]] and [[design]].[2]
System dynamics is an aspect of [[systems theory]] as a method for understanding the dynamic [[behavior]] of complex systems. The basis of the method is the recognition that the [[structure]] of any system — the many circular, interlocking, sometimes time-delayed relationships among its components — is often just as important in determining its behavior as the individual components themselves. Examples are [[chaos]] theory and social dynamics. It is also claimed that because there are often properties-of-the-whole which cannot be found among the properties-of-the-elements, in some cases the behavior of the whole cannot be explained in terms of the behavior of the parts.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics]
==Reference Notes==
# MIT System Dynamics in Education Project (SDEP)
# Robert A. Taylor (2008). "Origin of System Dynamics: Jay W. Forrester and the History of System Dynamics". In: U.S. Department of Energy's Introduction to System Dynamics. Retrieved 23 Oktober 2008.
# What is psychodynamics? - WebMD, Stedman’s Medical Dictionary 28th Edition, Copyright© 2006_Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
# Bowlby, John (1999). Attachment and Loss: Vol I, 2nd Ed.. Basic Books. pp. 13–23. ISBN 0-465-00543-8.
# Adapted from Corsini and Wedding 2008; Corsini, R. J., & Wedding, D. (2008) Current Psychotherapies, 8th Edition. Belmont, CA.: Thomson Brooks/Cole. (pp. 15-17).
# Freud, Sigmund (1923). The Ego and the Id. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. (4–5). ISBN 0-393-0042-3.
# Hall, Calvin, S. (1954). A Primer in Freudian Psychology. Meridian Book. ISBN 0452011833.
# Psychodynamics (1874) - (1) the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental states; (2) explanation ! or interpretation, as of behavior or mental states, in terms of mental or emotional forces or processes; (3) motivational forces acting especially at the unconscious level. Source: Merriam-Webster, 2000, CD-ROM, version 2.5
# Psychodynamics – Microsoft Encarta
# Robertson, Robin; Combs, Allan (1995). Chaos theory in Psychology and Life Sciences. LEA, Inc.. p. (83). ISBN 0805817379.
# Klimek, David (1979). Beneath Mate Selection and Marriage - the Unconscious Motives in Human Pairing. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 3. ISBN 0-442-23074-5.
# Ahles, Scott, R. (2004). Our Inner World: A Guide to Psychodynamics and Psychotherapy. John Hopkins University Press. pp. (1–2). ISBN 0801878365.
# Horowitz, Mardi, J. (1988). Introduction to Psychodynamics - a New Synthesis. Basic Books. p. 3. ISBN 0-465-03561-2.
# Berne, Eric (1964). Games People Play – The Basic Hand Book of Transactional Analysis. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-41003-3.
# Walsh, Anthony (1991). The Science of Love - Understanding Love and its Effects on Mind and Body. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 58. ISBN 0-87957-648-9.
# Hall, Calvin S.; Nordby, Vernon J. (1999). A Primer of Jungian Psychology. New York: Meridian. ISBN 0-452-01186-8.
# niu.edu Outline of the Major Points in Carl Jung's Contributions to Psychology
# Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. (pgs. 4,6). New York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2
# Marsh, Ann. (2005). “The Art of Work” Fast Company, Issue 97, August, pg. 76.
# Psychodynamics - an Introduction
# Horowitz, Mardi, J. (2001). Cognitive Psychodynamics – from Conflict to Character. Wiley. ISBN 0471117722.
==Further reading==
*Forrester, Jay W. (1961). Industrial Dynamics. Pegasus Communications. ISBN 1883823366.
*Forrester, Jay W. (1969). Urban Dynamics. Pegasus Communications. ISBN 1883823390.
*Meadows, Donella H. (1972). Limits to Growth. New York: University books. ISBN 0-87663-165-0.
*Morecroft, John (2007). Strategic Modelling and Business Dynamics: A Feedback Systems Approach. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0470012862.
*Roberts, Edward B. (1978). Managerial Applications of System Dynamics. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 026218088X.
*Randers, Jorgen (1980). Elements of the System Dynamics Method. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 0915299399.
*Senge, Peter (1990). The Fifth Discipline. Currency. ISBN 0-385-26095-4.
*Sterman, John D. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-231135-5.
*Brown, Junius Flagg & Menninger, Karl Augustus (1940). The Psychodynamics of Abnormal Behavior, 484 pages, McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc.
*Weiss, Edoardo (1950). Principles of Psychodynamics, 268 pages, Grune & Stratton
Pearson Education (1970). The Psychodynamics of Patient Care Prentice Hall, 422 pgs. Standford University: *Higher Education Division.
*Jean Laplanche et J.B. Pontalis (1974). The Language of Psycho-Analysis, Editeur: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-01105-4
*Raphael-Leff, Joan (2005). Parent Infant Psychodynamics – Wild Things, Mirrors, and Ghosts. Wiley. ISBN 1-86156-346-9.
[edit]External links
== External links ==
*[http://www.systemdynamics.org/DL-IntroSysDyn/ U.S. Department of Energy's Introduction to System Dynamics]
*[http://web.mit.edu/jsterman/www/DID.html Desert Island Dynamics] "An Annotated Survey of the Essential System Dynamics Literature"
* [http://www.sba.oakland.edu/faculty/schwartz/PCJABS.htm The Psychodynamics of Political Correctness]
* [http://www.new-paradigm.co.uk/Large-groups.htm Psychodynamics & Large Groups]
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category: Sociology]]
