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==Etymology==
[Two distinct but synonymous verbs from the same root coalesced in early [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English].:
===The strong verb===
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]. (? wæcnan), wóc, wócon, *wacen. (The present-stem is wanting, unless it be presented by wæcnan: see WAKEN v.) The strong pa. tense is found only in [[English]]; the strong pa. pple., not recorded in OE., but found in later periods, occurs in ON. vakenn, and as adj. (‘awake’) in MSw. vakin, Sw., Norw. vaken, Da. vaagen; N.Fris. vaaken is prob. from Scandinavian.
===The weak verb===
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]. wacian, corresponding to OFris. wakia, waka (mod. WFris. weitsje, NFris. waake), OHG. wahhên, wachên, -ân (MHG., mod.G. wachen), ON. vaka, pa. tense vak a (Norw., MSw., Sw. vaka, Da. vaage), Goth. wakan: OTeut. *wak{a}jan (whence also the OE. doublet wæccan WATCH v.), or to OS., OLow Frankish wakon (MDu., Du., MLG., LG. waken), OHG. wachôn: OTeut. *wak{o}jan.
The Teut. root *wak- *w{o}k- in Goth. w{o}kains wakefulness, and, with different sense, in Goth. w{o}kr-s, OE. w{o}cor, ON. okr growth, increase, usury: see OCKER n.1) represents a pre-Teut. *wag-: *weg-; cf. L. veg{e)re to rouse, excite, also intr. to be [[lively]] or [[active]], vig{e}re to be vigorous, vigil wakeful, Skr. v{a}jas neut. vigour; perh. to be referred to the Indo-Eur. root *aweg-, represented by L. aug{e}re, Goth. aukan to increase, OE. éacan to grow (see EKE v.), and with -s extension by Gr. to increase, OTeut. *wa{i}s- to grow (see WAX v.).
==Definitions==
===To remain awake.===
*1. a. intr. To be or remain awake; to keep oneself, or be kept, awake. Also, to be still up and about (at night). Now rare exc. in waking (pr. pple. and ppl. a.).
:b. with advb. obj. the night, a night (poet.). Also, to wake it.
:c. quasi-trans. with complement. In the first quot. the omission of some such word as Theobald's ‘blind’ seems certain.
:d. With unfavourable implication: To sit up late for [[pleasure]] or revelry; to turn night into day. Obs.
*2. a. To stay awake for the [[purpose]] of watching or tending; to keep watch while others sleep, be on guard at night. Const. on, upon, over, for, against; also to (do something). Also with cognate obj., to wake watch. Now only dial., to sit up at night with a [[person]], esp. one who is sick. In 16th c. Sc. use wake and ward (see WARD v.) = ‘to keep watch and ward,’ as a duty incumbent on the freeman of a burgh.
:b. said of the eyes, the [[brain]]. Obs.
*3. To stay awake or pass the night in [[prayer]]; to stay up during the night as an exercise of [[devotion]]; to keep vigil (in church, by a corpse, etc.). Const. in, on. Obs. exc. dial.
*4. a. To stay awake for any work or active occupation; to pass the night in work, [[study]], etc. Const. in, for, on or upon, to. Obs.
:b. fig. To be active, alert, stirring, vigilant. Const. as above; also, to be diligent, exert oneself to (do something). to wake over, to occupy one's [[mind]] with. Obs.
:c. With clause: To take care that (something be done). Obs.
:d. quasi-trans. To give diligent heed to, be active in (a matter). Obs. (Cf. SLEEP v. 7.)
*5. Phr. to hold or keep waking; earlier, to hold waken: To prevent from sleeping; to keep watchful or on the alert. Formerly: To keep (a [[person]], esp. an enemy) occupied, ‘give (him) plenty to do’, allow (him) no rest; to trouble, harass; also refl. to be on the alert.
*6. a. trans. To watch or guard (one who sleeps); to watch or guard (a person or [[thing]]) at night or while others sleep; to keep watch upon or over. Obs. exc. dial.
:b. To keep watch or vigil over (a dead body) until burial; to hold a wake over (see WAKE n.1 3). Now only dial., chiefly Anglo-Irish.
:c. ? To pass the night by (a well) as a [[superstitious]] observance. Obs.
:d. To be confined in (prison). Obs.
===To become awake===
*7. a. intr. To come out of the state of sleep or [[unconsciousness]]; to be roused from sleep, cease to sleep. Const. of (obs.), from, out of (sleep, etc.); to (a condition or [[state]]), to (do something). Cf. AWAKE v. 1.
:b. with up.
:c. transf. and fig., esp. of inanimate things. Of persons (usually with up): To become animated, alert, or lively, to throw off lethargy. It may be noted here that the only recorded sense of OE. wæcnan is ‘to come into [[being]], be born’.
:d. to wake to: to become conscious or aware of; to become ‘alive’ to. Cf. AWAKE v. 3.
:e. fig. Of things, conditions, etc.: To be stirred up or aroused; to be put in [[motion]] or [[action]]. Also with up.
===Causative uses===
*8. a. trans. To rouse from sleep or unconsciousness. Also with up. Cf. AWAKE v. 5.
:b. transf. and fig. in obvious uses. Also, to disturb (silence), make (a place) re-echo with noise.
:c. to wake snakes (U.S. slang): ‘To cause trouble or disturbance’ (Thornton): see also SNAKE n. 2d.
*9. a. To rouse to [[action]], activity, alertness, or liveliness. Const. to, into. Also with up.
:b. to wake (up) to: to arouse to the [[consciousness]] or enjoyment of. Cf. 7d.
*10. To bring into [[being]], raise, stir up ([[war]], strife, woe, etc.); to arouse, excite (an activity, [[feeling]], [[emotion]]); to evoke (a [[sound]], [[echo]], etc.). Also with up.
[[Category: General Reference]]
==Etymology==
[Two distinct but synonymous verbs from the same root coalesced in early [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English].:
===The strong verb===
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]. (? wæcnan), wóc, wócon, *wacen. (The present-stem is wanting, unless it be presented by wæcnan: see WAKEN v.) The strong pa. tense is found only in [[English]]; the strong pa. pple., not recorded in OE., but found in later periods, occurs in ON. vakenn, and as adj. (‘awake’) in MSw. vakin, Sw., Norw. vaken, Da. vaagen; N.Fris. vaaken is prob. from Scandinavian.
===The weak verb===
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English]. wacian, corresponding to OFris. wakia, waka (mod. WFris. weitsje, NFris. waake), OHG. wahhên, wachên, -ân (MHG., mod.G. wachen), ON. vaka, pa. tense vak a (Norw., MSw., Sw. vaka, Da. vaage), Goth. wakan: OTeut. *wak{a}jan (whence also the OE. doublet wæccan WATCH v.), or to OS., OLow Frankish wakon (MDu., Du., MLG., LG. waken), OHG. wachôn: OTeut. *wak{o}jan.
The Teut. root *wak- *w{o}k- in Goth. w{o}kains wakefulness, and, with different sense, in Goth. w{o}kr-s, OE. w{o}cor, ON. okr growth, increase, usury: see OCKER n.1) represents a pre-Teut. *wag-: *weg-; cf. L. veg{e)re to rouse, excite, also intr. to be [[lively]] or [[active]], vig{e}re to be vigorous, vigil wakeful, Skr. v{a}jas neut. vigour; perh. to be referred to the Indo-Eur. root *aweg-, represented by L. aug{e}re, Goth. aukan to increase, OE. éacan to grow (see EKE v.), and with -s extension by Gr. to increase, OTeut. *wa{i}s- to grow (see WAX v.).
==Definitions==
===To remain awake.===
*1. a. intr. To be or remain awake; to keep oneself, or be kept, awake. Also, to be still up and about (at night). Now rare exc. in waking (pr. pple. and ppl. a.).
:b. with advb. obj. the night, a night (poet.). Also, to wake it.
:c. quasi-trans. with complement. In the first quot. the omission of some such word as Theobald's ‘blind’ seems certain.
:d. With unfavourable implication: To sit up late for [[pleasure]] or revelry; to turn night into day. Obs.
*2. a. To stay awake for the [[purpose]] of watching or tending; to keep watch while others sleep, be on guard at night. Const. on, upon, over, for, against; also to (do something). Also with cognate obj., to wake watch. Now only dial., to sit up at night with a [[person]], esp. one who is sick. In 16th c. Sc. use wake and ward (see WARD v.) = ‘to keep watch and ward,’ as a duty incumbent on the freeman of a burgh.
:b. said of the eyes, the [[brain]]. Obs.
*3. To stay awake or pass the night in [[prayer]]; to stay up during the night as an exercise of [[devotion]]; to keep vigil (in church, by a corpse, etc.). Const. in, on. Obs. exc. dial.
*4. a. To stay awake for any work or active occupation; to pass the night in work, [[study]], etc. Const. in, for, on or upon, to. Obs.
:b. fig. To be active, alert, stirring, vigilant. Const. as above; also, to be diligent, exert oneself to (do something). to wake over, to occupy one's [[mind]] with. Obs.
:c. With clause: To take care that (something be done). Obs.
:d. quasi-trans. To give diligent heed to, be active in (a matter). Obs. (Cf. SLEEP v. 7.)
*5. Phr. to hold or keep waking; earlier, to hold waken: To prevent from sleeping; to keep watchful or on the alert. Formerly: To keep (a [[person]], esp. an enemy) occupied, ‘give (him) plenty to do’, allow (him) no rest; to trouble, harass; also refl. to be on the alert.
*6. a. trans. To watch or guard (one who sleeps); to watch or guard (a person or [[thing]]) at night or while others sleep; to keep watch upon or over. Obs. exc. dial.
:b. To keep watch or vigil over (a dead body) until burial; to hold a wake over (see WAKE n.1 3). Now only dial., chiefly Anglo-Irish.
:c. ? To pass the night by (a well) as a [[superstitious]] observance. Obs.
:d. To be confined in (prison). Obs.
===To become awake===
*7. a. intr. To come out of the state of sleep or [[unconsciousness]]; to be roused from sleep, cease to sleep. Const. of (obs.), from, out of (sleep, etc.); to (a condition or [[state]]), to (do something). Cf. AWAKE v. 1.
:b. with up.
:c. transf. and fig., esp. of inanimate things. Of persons (usually with up): To become animated, alert, or lively, to throw off lethargy. It may be noted here that the only recorded sense of OE. wæcnan is ‘to come into [[being]], be born’.
:d. to wake to: to become conscious or aware of; to become ‘alive’ to. Cf. AWAKE v. 3.
:e. fig. Of things, conditions, etc.: To be stirred up or aroused; to be put in [[motion]] or [[action]]. Also with up.
===Causative uses===
*8. a. trans. To rouse from sleep or unconsciousness. Also with up. Cf. AWAKE v. 5.
:b. transf. and fig. in obvious uses. Also, to disturb (silence), make (a place) re-echo with noise.
:c. to wake snakes (U.S. slang): ‘To cause trouble or disturbance’ (Thornton): see also SNAKE n. 2d.
*9. a. To rouse to [[action]], activity, alertness, or liveliness. Const. to, into. Also with up.
:b. to wake (up) to: to arouse to the [[consciousness]] or enjoyment of. Cf. 7d.
*10. To bring into [[being]], raise, stir up ([[war]], strife, woe, etc.); to arouse, excite (an activity, [[feeling]], [[emotion]]); to evoke (a [[sound]], [[echo]], etc.). Also with up.
[[Category: General Reference]]
