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==Etymology==
[[Latin]] administr{a}ti{o}n-em, n. of action, f. administr{a}-re: see ADMINISTER v. The Fr. administration (13th c. in Littré) may be the immed. source.]
==Definitions==
*1. The [[action]] of administering or serving in any office; service, ministry, attendance, [[performance]] of [[duty]]. Obs. in general sense.
*2. Performance, execution of. Obs.
*3. Management (of any [[business]]).
*4. ellipt. The management of [[public]] affairs; the conducting or carrying on of the details of [[government]]; hence, sometimes, used for government.
*5. a. The executive part of the legislature; the ministry; now often loosely called the ‘Government.’
:b. transf. The period of office of a particular government, president, etc. U.S.
*6. [[Law]]. The management and disposal of the estate of a deceased [[person]] by an executor or administrator. spec. As opposed to probate, The [[authority]] to administer the estate of an intestate, as conferred by Letters of Administration granted, formerly by the Ordinary, now by the Probate Division of the High Court of Justice.
*7. The [[action]] of administering something to others:
:a. Dispensation (of a sacrament, of [[justice]], etc.).
:b. Giving or application (of remedies).
:c. Tendering (of an oath).
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Administration''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Administration this link].</center>
==Description==
[[Public]] '''administration''' can be broadly described as the development, implementation and [[study]] of branches of [[government]] [[policy]]. The pursuit of the public [[good]] by enhancing civil [[society]], ensuring a well-run, [[fair]], and effective public [[service]] are some of the goals of the field.
Public administration is carried out by public servants who work in public departments and agencies, at all levels of government, and perform a wide range of tasks. Public administrators collect and [[analyze]] [[data]] ([[statistics]]), monitor budgets, draft legislation, develop [[policy]], and execute legally mandated government activities. Public administrators serve in many roles: ranging from "front-line" positions serving the public (e.g., peace officers, parole officers, border guards); administrators (e.g., auditors); analysts (e.g., policy analysts); and managers and executives of government branches and agencies.
Public administration is also an [[academic]] field. In comparison with related fields such as [[political science]], public administration is [[relatively]] new, having emerged in the 19th century. Multidisciplinary in [[character]], it draws on [[theories]] and [[concepts]] from [[political science]], [[economics]], [[sociology]], administrative [[law]], [[Psychology|behavioral science]], management and a range of related fields. The goals of the field of public administration are related to the democratic [[values]] of improving [[equality]], [[justice]], [[security]], efficiency, effectiveness of public services usually in a non-profit, non-taxable venue; business administration, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with taxable profit. For a field built on concepts (accountability, governance, decentralization, clientele), these concepts are often ill-defined and typologies often ignore certain aspects of these concepts (Dubois & Fattore 2009).[1]
In the United States, the academic field draws heavily on [[political science]] and [[law]]. Scholars such as John A. Rohr write of a long [[history]] behind the [[constitution]]al legitimacy of government bureaucracy. In Europe (notably in Britain and Germany), the divergence of the field from other [[disciplines]] can be traced to the 1720s continental [[university]] [[curriculum]]. Formally, official academic distinctions were made in the 1910s and 1890s, respectively.
One minor [[tradition]] that the more specific term "public management" refers to ordinary, routine or typical management concerns, in the [[context]] of achieving public [[good]]. Others argue that public management as a new, economically driven [[perspective]] on the operation of government. This latter view is often called "new public management" by its advocates. New Public Management represents a reform attempt, aimed at reemphasizing the [[professional]] nature of the field. This will replace the academic, [[moral]] or disciplinary emphasis. Some [[theorists]] advocate a bright line differentiation of the professional field from related academic disciplines like political science and sociology; it remains interdisciplinary in nature.
As a field, ''public administration'' can be compared to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_administration business administration], and the master of public administration (MPA) viewed as similar to a master of business administration (MBA) for those wishing to pursue governmental or non-profit careers. An MPA often emphasizes substantially different [[ethic]]al and [[sociological]] [[criteria]] that are traditionally secondary to that of profit for business administrators. The MPA is related to similar government studies including public affairs, public policy, and political science. [[Differences]] often include program emphases on policy [[analysis]] [[techniques]] or other topical [[focus]] such as the study of international affairs as opposed to focuses on constitutional issues such as separation of powers, administrative law, problems of governance and power, and participatory [[democracy]].
The Doctor of Public Administration (DPA) is an applied-[[research]] doctoral degree in the field of public administration, focusing on [[practice]]. The DPA requires a dissertation and significant coursework beyond the masters level. Upon successful completion of the doctoral requirements, the title of "Doctor" is awarded and the post-nominals of D.P.A. are often added.
Public administration [[theory]] is the domain in which [[discussions]] of the [[meaning]] and [[purpose]] of government, bureaucracy, budgets, governance, and public affairs takes place. In recent years, public administration theory has periodically connoted a heavy orientation toward [[critical theory]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern postmodern] philosophical notions of government, governance, and power. However, many public administration [[scholars]] support a [[classic]] definition of the term emphasizing constitutionality, [[service]], bureaucratic forms of organization, and [[hierarchical]] government.
==References==
# Dubois, Hans F. W.; Fattore, Giovanni (2009). International Journal of Public Administration. 32(8). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 704-727. doi:10.1080/01900690902908760. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a913084156. "The field of public administration knows many concepts. By focusing on one such concept, this research shows how definitions can be deceptive..."
# Wilson, Woodrow, "The Study of Administration," Political Science Quarterly 2 (June 1887)
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
==Etymology==
[[Latin]] administr{a}ti{o}n-em, n. of action, f. administr{a}-re: see ADMINISTER v. The Fr. administration (13th c. in Littré) may be the immed. source.]
==Definitions==
*1. The [[action]] of administering or serving in any office; service, ministry, attendance, [[performance]] of [[duty]]. Obs. in general sense.
*2. Performance, execution of. Obs.
*3. Management (of any [[business]]).
*4. ellipt. The management of [[public]] affairs; the conducting or carrying on of the details of [[government]]; hence, sometimes, used for government.
*5. a. The executive part of the legislature; the ministry; now often loosely called the ‘Government.’
:b. transf. The period of office of a particular government, president, etc. U.S.
*6. [[Law]]. The management and disposal of the estate of a deceased [[person]] by an executor or administrator. spec. As opposed to probate, The [[authority]] to administer the estate of an intestate, as conferred by Letters of Administration granted, formerly by the Ordinary, now by the Probate Division of the High Court of Justice.
*7. The [[action]] of administering something to others:
:a. Dispensation (of a sacrament, of [[justice]], etc.).
:b. Giving or application (of remedies).
:c. Tendering (of an oath).
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Administration''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Administration this link].</center>
==Description==
[[Public]] '''administration''' can be broadly described as the development, implementation and [[study]] of branches of [[government]] [[policy]]. The pursuit of the public [[good]] by enhancing civil [[society]], ensuring a well-run, [[fair]], and effective public [[service]] are some of the goals of the field.
Public administration is carried out by public servants who work in public departments and agencies, at all levels of government, and perform a wide range of tasks. Public administrators collect and [[analyze]] [[data]] ([[statistics]]), monitor budgets, draft legislation, develop [[policy]], and execute legally mandated government activities. Public administrators serve in many roles: ranging from "front-line" positions serving the public (e.g., peace officers, parole officers, border guards); administrators (e.g., auditors); analysts (e.g., policy analysts); and managers and executives of government branches and agencies.
Public administration is also an [[academic]] field. In comparison with related fields such as [[political science]], public administration is [[relatively]] new, having emerged in the 19th century. Multidisciplinary in [[character]], it draws on [[theories]] and [[concepts]] from [[political science]], [[economics]], [[sociology]], administrative [[law]], [[Psychology|behavioral science]], management and a range of related fields. The goals of the field of public administration are related to the democratic [[values]] of improving [[equality]], [[justice]], [[security]], efficiency, effectiveness of public services usually in a non-profit, non-taxable venue; business administration, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with taxable profit. For a field built on concepts (accountability, governance, decentralization, clientele), these concepts are often ill-defined and typologies often ignore certain aspects of these concepts (Dubois & Fattore 2009).[1]
In the United States, the academic field draws heavily on [[political science]] and [[law]]. Scholars such as John A. Rohr write of a long [[history]] behind the [[constitution]]al legitimacy of government bureaucracy. In Europe (notably in Britain and Germany), the divergence of the field from other [[disciplines]] can be traced to the 1720s continental [[university]] [[curriculum]]. Formally, official academic distinctions were made in the 1910s and 1890s, respectively.
One minor [[tradition]] that the more specific term "public management" refers to ordinary, routine or typical management concerns, in the [[context]] of achieving public [[good]]. Others argue that public management as a new, economically driven [[perspective]] on the operation of government. This latter view is often called "new public management" by its advocates. New Public Management represents a reform attempt, aimed at reemphasizing the [[professional]] nature of the field. This will replace the academic, [[moral]] or disciplinary emphasis. Some [[theorists]] advocate a bright line differentiation of the professional field from related academic disciplines like political science and sociology; it remains interdisciplinary in nature.
As a field, ''public administration'' can be compared to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_administration business administration], and the master of public administration (MPA) viewed as similar to a master of business administration (MBA) for those wishing to pursue governmental or non-profit careers. An MPA often emphasizes substantially different [[ethic]]al and [[sociological]] [[criteria]] that are traditionally secondary to that of profit for business administrators. The MPA is related to similar government studies including public affairs, public policy, and political science. [[Differences]] often include program emphases on policy [[analysis]] [[techniques]] or other topical [[focus]] such as the study of international affairs as opposed to focuses on constitutional issues such as separation of powers, administrative law, problems of governance and power, and participatory [[democracy]].
The Doctor of Public Administration (DPA) is an applied-[[research]] doctoral degree in the field of public administration, focusing on [[practice]]. The DPA requires a dissertation and significant coursework beyond the masters level. Upon successful completion of the doctoral requirements, the title of "Doctor" is awarded and the post-nominals of D.P.A. are often added.
Public administration [[theory]] is the domain in which [[discussions]] of the [[meaning]] and [[purpose]] of government, bureaucracy, budgets, governance, and public affairs takes place. In recent years, public administration theory has periodically connoted a heavy orientation toward [[critical theory]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern postmodern] philosophical notions of government, governance, and power. However, many public administration [[scholars]] support a [[classic]] definition of the term emphasizing constitutionality, [[service]], bureaucratic forms of organization, and [[hierarchical]] government.
==References==
# Dubois, Hans F. W.; Fattore, Giovanni (2009). International Journal of Public Administration. 32(8). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 704-727. doi:10.1080/01900690902908760. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a913084156. "The field of public administration knows many concepts. By focusing on one such concept, this research shows how definitions can be deceptive..."
# Wilson, Woodrow, "The Study of Administration," Political Science Quarterly 2 (June 1887)
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
