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Jump to navigationJump to searchCreated page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame ==Etymology== [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middl...'
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==Etymology==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] egre, from Anglo-French egre, aigre, from [[Latin]] acer (edge)
*Date: [http://www.wikpedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]
==Definitions==
*1 a archaic : sharp
:b obsolete : sour
*2 : marked by [[enthusiastic]] or impatient [[desire]] or interest
==Synonyms==
avid, keen, anxious, athirst mean moved by a [[strong]] and urgent [[desire]] or interest. eager implies ardor and [[enthusiasm]] and sometimes impatience at delay or restraint <eager to get started>. avid adds to eager the implication of insatiability or greed <avid for new thrills>. keen suggests [[intensity]] of interest and quick [[responsive]]ness in [[action]] <keen on the latest [[fashion]]s>. anxious emphasizes [[fear]] of frustration or failure or disappointment <anxious not to make a social blunder>. athirst stresses yearning but not necessarily readiness for [[action]] <athirst for [[adventure]]>.
==Hormesis==
''Hormesis'' (from Greek hórmēsis "rapid [[motion]], '''eagerness'''," from ancient [[Greek]] hormáein "to set in [[motion]], impel, urge on") is the term for generally-favorable [[biological]] [[responses]] to low exposures to toxins and other [[stress]]ors. A pollutant or toxin showing hormesis thus has the opposite [[effect]] in small doses as in large doses. A related concept is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithridatism Mithridatism], which refers to the willful [[exposure]] to toxins in an attempt to develop [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity immunity] against them.
In toxicology, hormesis is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_response dose response] [[phenomenon]] characterized by a low dose stimulation, high dose inhibition, resulting in either a J-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response. Such environmental factors that would seem to produce positive responses have also been termed “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustress eustress]”.
However, whether hormesis is common or important is [[controversial]]. At least one [[peer]]-reviewed [[article]] accepts the idea, claiming that over 600 substances show a U-shaped [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose-response dose-response] [[relationship]]. Calaberese and Baldwin wrote:
<blockquote>One percent (195 out of 20,285) of the published articles contained 668 dose-response relationships that met the entry criteria.</blockquote>
The [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry biochemical] [[mechanisms]] by which ''hormesis'' works are not well [[understood]]. It is conjectured that low doses of toxins or other [[stress]]ors might [[activate]] the repair [[mechanisms]] of the [[body]]. The repair [[process]] fixes not only the damage caused by the toxin, but also other low-level damage that might have accumulated before without triggering the repair [[mechanism]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormesis]
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category: Biology]]
==Etymology==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] egre, from Anglo-French egre, aigre, from [[Latin]] acer (edge)
*Date: [http://www.wikpedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]
==Definitions==
*1 a archaic : sharp
:b obsolete : sour
*2 : marked by [[enthusiastic]] or impatient [[desire]] or interest
==Synonyms==
avid, keen, anxious, athirst mean moved by a [[strong]] and urgent [[desire]] or interest. eager implies ardor and [[enthusiasm]] and sometimes impatience at delay or restraint <eager to get started>. avid adds to eager the implication of insatiability or greed <avid for new thrills>. keen suggests [[intensity]] of interest and quick [[responsive]]ness in [[action]] <keen on the latest [[fashion]]s>. anxious emphasizes [[fear]] of frustration or failure or disappointment <anxious not to make a social blunder>. athirst stresses yearning but not necessarily readiness for [[action]] <athirst for [[adventure]]>.
==Hormesis==
''Hormesis'' (from Greek hórmēsis "rapid [[motion]], '''eagerness'''," from ancient [[Greek]] hormáein "to set in [[motion]], impel, urge on") is the term for generally-favorable [[biological]] [[responses]] to low exposures to toxins and other [[stress]]ors. A pollutant or toxin showing hormesis thus has the opposite [[effect]] in small doses as in large doses. A related concept is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithridatism Mithridatism], which refers to the willful [[exposure]] to toxins in an attempt to develop [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity immunity] against them.
In toxicology, hormesis is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_response dose response] [[phenomenon]] characterized by a low dose stimulation, high dose inhibition, resulting in either a J-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response. Such environmental factors that would seem to produce positive responses have also been termed “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustress eustress]”.
However, whether hormesis is common or important is [[controversial]]. At least one [[peer]]-reviewed [[article]] accepts the idea, claiming that over 600 substances show a U-shaped [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose-response dose-response] [[relationship]]. Calaberese and Baldwin wrote:
<blockquote>One percent (195 out of 20,285) of the published articles contained 668 dose-response relationships that met the entry criteria.</blockquote>
The [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry biochemical] [[mechanisms]] by which ''hormesis'' works are not well [[understood]]. It is conjectured that low doses of toxins or other [[stress]]ors might [[activate]] the repair [[mechanisms]] of the [[body]]. The repair [[process]] fixes not only the damage caused by the toxin, but also other low-level damage that might have accumulated before without triggering the repair [[mechanism]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormesis]
[[Category: Psychology]]
[[Category: Biology]]
