Changes

==41:7. SOURCES OF SOLAR ENERGY==  

==41:7. SOURCES OF SOLAR ENERGY==  

41:7.1 The internal temperature of many of the suns, even your own, is much higher than is commonly believed. In the interior of a sun practically no whole atoms exist; they are all more or less shattered by the intensive X-ray bombardment which is indigenous to such high temperatures. Regardless of what material elements may appear in the outer layers of a sun, those in the interior are rendered very similar by the dissociative action of the disruptive X rays. X ray is the great leveler of atomic existence.

41:7.1 The internal [[temperature]] of many of the [[suns]], even your own, is much higher than is commonly believed. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core interior] of a [[sun]] [[practically]] no whole [[atoms]] exist; they are all more or less shattered by the [[intensive]] [[X-ray]] bombardment which is [[indigenous]] to such high [[temperatures]]. Regardless of what [[material]] [[elements]] may appear in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Radiative_zone outer layers] of a [[sun]], those in the interior are rendered very similar by the dissociative [[action]] of the disruptive [[X rays]]. X ray is the great leveler of [[atomic]] [[existence]].

41:7.2 The surface temperature of your sun is almost 6,000 degrees, but it rapidly increases as the interior is penetrated until it attains the unbelievable height of about 35,000,000 degrees in the central regions. (All of these temperatures refer to your Fahrenheit scale.)

41:7.2 The [[surface]] [[temperature]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Photosphere your sun is almost 6,000 degrees], but it rapidly increases as the interior is penetrated until it [[attains]] the unbelievable height of about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun#Core 35,000,000 degrees in the central regions]. (All of these [[temperatures]] refer to your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit Fahrenheit scale].)

41:7.3 All of these phenomena are indicative of enormous energy expenditure, and the sources of solar energy, named in the order of their importance, are:

41:7.3 All of these [[phenomena]] are indicative of enormous [[energy]] expenditure, and the [[sources]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Energy solar energy], named in the order of their importance, are:

*1. Annihilation of atoms and, eventually, of electrons.

*1. [[Annihilation]] of [[atoms]] and, eventually, of [[electrons]].

*2. Transmutation of elements, including the radioactive group of energies thus liberated.

*2. [[Transmutation]] of [[elements]], including the radioactive [[group]] of energies thus liberated.

*3. The accumulation and transmission of certain universal space-energies.

*3. The accumulation and transmission of certain [[universal]] [[space]]-[[energies]].

*4. Space matter and meteors which are incessantly diving into the blazing suns.

*4. Space [[matter]] and [[meteors]] which are incessantly diving into the blazing [[suns]].

*5. Solar contraction; the cooling and consequent contraction of a sun yields energy and heat sometimes greater than that supplied by space matter.

*5. Solar contraction; the cooling and consequent contraction of a sun yields [[energy]] and [[heat]] sometimes greater than that supplied by space matter.

*6. Gravity action at high temperatures transforms certain circuitized power into radiative energies.

*6. [[Gravity]] [[action]] at high [[temperatures]] [[transforms]] certain circuitized [[power]] into radiative energies.

*7. Recaptive light and other matter which are drawn back into the sun after having left it, together with other energies having extrasolar origin.

*7. Recaptive [[light]] and other [[matter]] which are drawn back into the sun after having left it, together with other energies having extrasolar [[origin]].

41:7.4 There exists a regulating blanket of hot gases (sometimes millions of degrees in temperature) which envelops the suns, and which acts to stabilize heat loss and otherwise prevent hazardous fluctuations of heat dissipation. During the active life of a sun the internal temperature of 35,000,000 degrees remains about the same quite regardless of the progressive fall of the external temperature.

41:7.4 There exists a regulating blanket of hot [[gases]] (sometimes millions of degrees in [[temperature]]) which envelops the suns, and which [[acts]] to [[stabilize]] [[heat]] loss and otherwise prevent hazardous fluctuations of heat dissipation. During the active life of a [[sun]] the internal [[temperature]] of 35,000,000 degrees remains about the same quite regardless of the [[progressive]] fall of the external temperature.

41:7.5 You might try to visualize 35,000,000 degrees of heat, in association with certain gravity pressures, as the electronic boiling point. Under such pressure and at such temperature all atoms are degraded and broken up into their electronic and other ancestral components; even the electrons and other associations of ultimatons may be broken up, but the suns are not able to degrade the ultimatons.

41:7.5 You might try to [[visualize]] 35,000,000 degrees of [[heat]], in [[association]] with certain [[gravity]] [[pressures]], as the [[electronic]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_Point boiling point]. Under such [[pressure]] and at such [[temperature]] all [[atoms]] are degraded and broken up into their electronic and other [[ancestral]] components; even the [[electrons]] and other [[associations]] of [[ultimatons]] may be broken up, but the suns are not able to degrade the [[ultimatons]].

41:7.6 These solar temperatures operate to enormously speed up the ultimatons and the electrons, at least such of the latter as continue to maintain their existence under these conditions. You will realize what high temperature means by way of the acceleration of ultimatonic and electronic activities when you pause to consider that one drop of ordinary water contains over one billion trillions of atoms. This is the energy of more than one hundred horsepower exerted continuously for two years. The total heat now given out by the solar system sun each second is sufficient to boil all the water in all the oceans on Urantia in just one second of time.

41:7.6 These solar [[temperatures]] operate to enormously [[speed]] up the [[ultimatons]] and the [[electrons]], at least such of the latter as [[continue]] to [[maintain]] their [[existence]] under these conditions. You will [[realize]] what high temperature means by way of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration acceleration] of [[ultimaton]]ic and [[electronic]] [[activities]] when you pause to [[consider]] that one drop of ordinary [[water]] contains over one billion trillions of [[atoms]]. This is the [[energy]] of more than one hundred horsepower exerted continuously for two years. The [[total]] [[heat]] now given out by the [[solar system]] [[sun]] each second is sufficient to boil all the [[water]] in all the [[oceans]] on [[Urantia]] in just one second of time.

41:7.7 Only those suns which function in the direct channels of the main streams of universe energy can shine on forever. Such solar furnaces blaze on indefinitely, being able to replenish their material losses by the intake of space-force and analogous circulating energy. But stars far removed from these chief channels of recharging are destined to undergo energy depletion—gradually cool off and eventually burn out.

41:7.7 Only those [[suns]] which [[function]] in the direct [[channels]] of the main [[streams]] of [[universe]] [[energy]] can shine on forever. Such solar furnaces blaze on indefinitely, being able to replenish their [[material]] losses by the intake of [[space]]-[[force]] and [[analogous]] [[circulating]] [[energy]]. But [[stars]] far removed from these chief [[channels]] of recharging are [[destined]] to undergo energy depletion—[[gradually]] cool off and [[eventually]] [http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn13369-hope-dims-that-earth-will-survive-suns-death.html?feedId=online-news_rss20 burn out].

41:7.8 Such dead or dying suns can be rejuvenated by collisional impact or can be recharged by certain nonluminous energy islands of space or through gravity-robbery of near-by smaller suns or systems. The majority of dead suns will experience revivification by these or other evolutionary techniques. Those which are not thus eventually recharged are destined to undergo disruption by mass explosion when the gravity condensation attains the critical level of ultimatonic condensation of energy pressure. Such disappearing suns thus become energy of the rarest form, admirably adapted to energize other more favorably situated suns.

41:7.8 Such dead or dying [[suns]] can be rejuvenated by collisional [[impact]] or can be recharged by certain nonluminous [[energy]] islands of [[space]] or through [[gravity]]-robbery of near-by smaller suns or [[Solar System|systems]]. The [[majority]] of dead suns will [[experience]] revivification by these or other [[evolutionary]] [[techniques]]. Those which are not thus [[eventually]] recharged are [[destined]] to undergo disruption by [[mass]] [[explosion]] when the [[gravity]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed Matter condensation] [[attains]] the critical level of [[ultimaton]]ic condensation of [[energy]] [[pressure]]. Such disappearing suns thus become [[energy]] of the rarest [[form]], admirably adapted to energize other more favorably situated [[suns]].

==41:8. SOLAR-ENERGY REACTIONS==  

==41:8. SOLAR-ENERGY REACTIONS==