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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame ==Origin== psycho- comb. form + therapy n., probably after French ''psychothérapie...'
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Interpersonal-psychotherapy-ellen-frank-300.jpg|right|frame]]
==Origin==
psycho- comb. form + therapy n., probably after French ''psychothérapie''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1890]
Psychotherapy is an [[English]] word of [[Greek]] [[origin]], deriving from Ancient Greek psyche (''ψυχή'' meaning "[[breath]]; spirit; soul") and therapia (''θεραπεία'' "[[healing]]; medical treatment").
According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], psychotherapy first meant "hypnotherapy" instead of "psychotherapy". The [[original]] meaning, "the treatment of disease by ‘psychic’ [i.e., [[hypnotic]]] [[methods]]", was first recorded in 1853 as "Psychotherapeia, or the remedial [[influence]] of [[mind]]". The [[modern]] meaning, "the treatment of disorders of the mind or [[personality]] by psychological or psychophysiological methods", was first used in 1892 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_van_Eeden Frederik van Eeden] translating "Suggestive Psycho-therapy" for his French "Psychothérapie Suggestive". Van Eeden credited borrowing this term from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hack_Tuke Daniel Hack Tuke] and noted, "Psycho-therapy ... had the misfortune to be taken in tow by [[hypnotism]]."
==Definitions==
*1: treatment of [[mental]] or [[emotional]] disorder or of related bodily ills by [[psychological]] means
==Description==
'''Psychotherapy''', or [[personal]] [[counseling]] with a psychotherapist, is an [[intentional]] interpersonal [[relationship]] used by trained psychotherapists to aid a client or patient in [[problems]] of living.
It aims to increase the [[individual]]'s sense of their own well-[[being]]. Psychotherapists employ a range of [[techniques]] based on experiential [[relationship]] building, [[dialogue]], [[communication]] and [[behavior]] [[change]] that are designed to improve the mental [[health]] of a client or patient, or to improve group [[relationships]] (such as in a [[family]]).
Psychotherapy may also be performed by practitioners with a number of different qualifications, including psychiatry, clinical [[psychology]], clinical social work, counseling psychology, mental health counseling, clinical or psychiatric social work, [[marriage]] and family therapy, rehabilitation counseling, school counseling, play therapy, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_therapy music therapy], art therapy, drama therapy, dance/movement therapy, occupational therapy, psychiatric nursing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis psychoanalysis] and those from other psychotherapies. It may be legally regulated, voluntarily regulated or unregulated, depending on the [[jurisdiction]]. Requirements of these [[professions]] vary, but often require graduate school and supervised clinical [[experience]]. Psychotherapy in Europe is increasingly being seen as an independent [[profession]], rather than being restricted to being practiced only by psychologists and psychiatrists as is stipulated in some countries.
==Systems==
There are several main broad systems of psychotherapy:
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic] - it was the first [[practice]] to be called a psychotherapy. It encourages the verbalization of all the patient's [[thoughts]], including free associations, [[fantasies]], and [[dreams]], from which the analyst formulates the [[nature]] of the unconscious [[conflicts]] which are causing the patient's [[symptoms]] and character [[problems]].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_Therapy Behavior Therapy]/applied behavior [[analysis]] focuses on changing maladaptive [[patterns]] of behavior to improve [[emotional]] responses, [[cognitions]], and [[interactions]] with others.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy Cognitive behavioral] - generally seeks to identify maladaptive [[cognition]], appraisal, [[beliefs]] and [[reactions]] with the aim of influencing destructive [[negative]] [[emotions]] and problematic dysfunctional [[behaviors]].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamic_psychotherapy Psychodynamic] - is a form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_psychology depth psychology], whose primary [[focus]] is to [[reveal]] the [[unconscious]] content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic [[tension]]. Although its [[roots]] are in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis psychoanalysis], psychodynamic therapy tends to be briefer and less [[intensive]] than [[traditional]] psychoanalysis.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_therapy Existential] - is based on the [[existential]] [[belief]] that [[human being]]s are [[alone]] in the world. This isolation leads to [[feelings]] of meaninglessness, which can be overcome only by creating one's own [[values]] and [[meanings]]. Existential therapy is philosophically associated with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy) phenomenology].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology Humanistic] - emerged in [[reaction]] to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis and is therefore known as the Third Force in the [[development]] of [[psychology]]. It is explicitly concerned with the [[human]] [[context]] of the development of the [[individual]] with an [[emphasis]] on [[subjective]] [[meaning]], a rejection of [[determinism]], and a concern for positive [[growth]] rather than pathology. It posits an inherent human capacity to maximize [[potential]], 'the self-actualizing tendency'. The task of Humanistic therapy is to create a relational [[environment]] where this tendency might flourish. Humanistic psychology is philosophically rooted in existentialism.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief_therapy Brief] - "Brief therapy" is an umbrella term for a [[variety]] of approaches to psychotherapy. It differs from other [[schools]] of therapy in that it emphasizes (1) a [[focus]] on a specific [[problem]] and (2) direct [[intervention]]. It is solution-based rather than [[problem]]-oriented. It is less concerned with how a problem arose than with the current factors sustaining it and preventing change.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_therapy Systemic] - seeks to address people not at an [[individual]] level, as is often the focus of other forms of therapy, but as people in [[relationship]], dealing with the [[interactions]] of [[groups]], their patterns and dynamics (includes [[family]] therapy & [[marriage]] counseling). [[Community]] psychology is a type of systemic psychology.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_psychology Transpersonal] - Addresses the client in the [[context]] of a [[spiritual]] [[understanding]] of [[consciousness]].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Psychotherapy Body Psychotherapy] - Addresses problems of the [[mind]] as being closely correlated with [[bodily]] [[phenomena]], including a person's [[sexuality]], musculature, [[breathing]] habits, physiology etc. This therapy may involve [[massage]] and other body exercises as well as talking.
There are hundreds of psychotherapeutic approaches or [[schools]] of [[thought]]. By 1980 there were more than 250; by 1996 there were more than 450. The [[development]] of new and [[hybrid]] approaches continues around the wide variety of theoretical backgrounds. Many practitioners use several approaches in their [[work]] and alter their approach based on client need.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy]
[[Category: Health]]
[[Category: Psychology]]
==Origin==
psycho- comb. form + therapy n., probably after French ''psychothérapie''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1890]
Psychotherapy is an [[English]] word of [[Greek]] [[origin]], deriving from Ancient Greek psyche (''ψυχή'' meaning "[[breath]]; spirit; soul") and therapia (''θεραπεία'' "[[healing]]; medical treatment").
According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], psychotherapy first meant "hypnotherapy" instead of "psychotherapy". The [[original]] meaning, "the treatment of disease by ‘psychic’ [i.e., [[hypnotic]]] [[methods]]", was first recorded in 1853 as "Psychotherapeia, or the remedial [[influence]] of [[mind]]". The [[modern]] meaning, "the treatment of disorders of the mind or [[personality]] by psychological or psychophysiological methods", was first used in 1892 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_van_Eeden Frederik van Eeden] translating "Suggestive Psycho-therapy" for his French "Psychothérapie Suggestive". Van Eeden credited borrowing this term from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hack_Tuke Daniel Hack Tuke] and noted, "Psycho-therapy ... had the misfortune to be taken in tow by [[hypnotism]]."
==Definitions==
*1: treatment of [[mental]] or [[emotional]] disorder or of related bodily ills by [[psychological]] means
==Description==
'''Psychotherapy''', or [[personal]] [[counseling]] with a psychotherapist, is an [[intentional]] interpersonal [[relationship]] used by trained psychotherapists to aid a client or patient in [[problems]] of living.
It aims to increase the [[individual]]'s sense of their own well-[[being]]. Psychotherapists employ a range of [[techniques]] based on experiential [[relationship]] building, [[dialogue]], [[communication]] and [[behavior]] [[change]] that are designed to improve the mental [[health]] of a client or patient, or to improve group [[relationships]] (such as in a [[family]]).
Psychotherapy may also be performed by practitioners with a number of different qualifications, including psychiatry, clinical [[psychology]], clinical social work, counseling psychology, mental health counseling, clinical or psychiatric social work, [[marriage]] and family therapy, rehabilitation counseling, school counseling, play therapy, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_therapy music therapy], art therapy, drama therapy, dance/movement therapy, occupational therapy, psychiatric nursing, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis psychoanalysis] and those from other psychotherapies. It may be legally regulated, voluntarily regulated or unregulated, depending on the [[jurisdiction]]. Requirements of these [[professions]] vary, but often require graduate school and supervised clinical [[experience]]. Psychotherapy in Europe is increasingly being seen as an independent [[profession]], rather than being restricted to being practiced only by psychologists and psychiatrists as is stipulated in some countries.
==Systems==
There are several main broad systems of psychotherapy:
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic] - it was the first [[practice]] to be called a psychotherapy. It encourages the verbalization of all the patient's [[thoughts]], including free associations, [[fantasies]], and [[dreams]], from which the analyst formulates the [[nature]] of the unconscious [[conflicts]] which are causing the patient's [[symptoms]] and character [[problems]].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_Therapy Behavior Therapy]/applied behavior [[analysis]] focuses on changing maladaptive [[patterns]] of behavior to improve [[emotional]] responses, [[cognitions]], and [[interactions]] with others.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy Cognitive behavioral] - generally seeks to identify maladaptive [[cognition]], appraisal, [[beliefs]] and [[reactions]] with the aim of influencing destructive [[negative]] [[emotions]] and problematic dysfunctional [[behaviors]].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamic_psychotherapy Psychodynamic] - is a form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_psychology depth psychology], whose primary [[focus]] is to [[reveal]] the [[unconscious]] content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic [[tension]]. Although its [[roots]] are in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis psychoanalysis], psychodynamic therapy tends to be briefer and less [[intensive]] than [[traditional]] psychoanalysis.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_therapy Existential] - is based on the [[existential]] [[belief]] that [[human being]]s are [[alone]] in the world. This isolation leads to [[feelings]] of meaninglessness, which can be overcome only by creating one's own [[values]] and [[meanings]]. Existential therapy is philosophically associated with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy) phenomenology].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology Humanistic] - emerged in [[reaction]] to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis and is therefore known as the Third Force in the [[development]] of [[psychology]]. It is explicitly concerned with the [[human]] [[context]] of the development of the [[individual]] with an [[emphasis]] on [[subjective]] [[meaning]], a rejection of [[determinism]], and a concern for positive [[growth]] rather than pathology. It posits an inherent human capacity to maximize [[potential]], 'the self-actualizing tendency'. The task of Humanistic therapy is to create a relational [[environment]] where this tendency might flourish. Humanistic psychology is philosophically rooted in existentialism.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief_therapy Brief] - "Brief therapy" is an umbrella term for a [[variety]] of approaches to psychotherapy. It differs from other [[schools]] of therapy in that it emphasizes (1) a [[focus]] on a specific [[problem]] and (2) direct [[intervention]]. It is solution-based rather than [[problem]]-oriented. It is less concerned with how a problem arose than with the current factors sustaining it and preventing change.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_therapy Systemic] - seeks to address people not at an [[individual]] level, as is often the focus of other forms of therapy, but as people in [[relationship]], dealing with the [[interactions]] of [[groups]], their patterns and dynamics (includes [[family]] therapy & [[marriage]] counseling). [[Community]] psychology is a type of systemic psychology.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_psychology Transpersonal] - Addresses the client in the [[context]] of a [[spiritual]] [[understanding]] of [[consciousness]].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_Psychotherapy Body Psychotherapy] - Addresses problems of the [[mind]] as being closely correlated with [[bodily]] [[phenomena]], including a person's [[sexuality]], musculature, [[breathing]] habits, physiology etc. This therapy may involve [[massage]] and other body exercises as well as talking.
There are hundreds of psychotherapeutic approaches or [[schools]] of [[thought]]. By 1980 there were more than 250; by 1996 there were more than 450. The [[development]] of new and [[hybrid]] approaches continues around the wide variety of theoretical backgrounds. Many practitioners use several approaches in their [[work]] and alter their approach based on client need.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy]
[[Category: Health]]
[[Category: Psychology]]