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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1620]
==Definitions==
*1: something that is intoned; specifically : the opening [[tones]] of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant Gregorian chant]
*2: the act of intoning and especially of [[chanting]]
*3: the ability to play or [[sing]] [[notes]] in tune
*4: manner of utterance; specifically : the rise and fall in pitch of the [[voice]] in [[speech]]
==Description==
In [[linguistics]], '''intonation''' is variation of pitch while [[speaking]] which is not used to distinguish [[words]]. It [[contrasts]] with [[tone]], in which pitch variation does distinguish words. Intonation, [[rhythm]], and [[stress]] are the three main elements of linguistic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics) prosody]. Intonation patterns in some [[languages]], such as Swedish and Swiss German, can lead to conspicuous fluctuations in pitch, giving [[speech]] a sing-song quality. Fluctuations in pitch either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch. Intonation is found in every language and even in tonal languages, but the realisation and [[function]] are seemingly [[different]]. It is used in non-tonal languages to add [[attitudes]] to [[words]] (attitudinal function) and to differentiate between [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wh-question wh-questions], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes-no_question yes-no questions], declarative statements, [[commands]], requests, etc. Intonation can also be used for [[discourse]] analysis where new [[information]] is realised by means of intonation. It can also be used for emphatic/contrastive [[purposes]].
All languages use pitch pragmatically as intonation — for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonal_language Tonal languages] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language Chinese] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language Hausa] use pitch for distinguishing [[words]] in addition to providing intonation.
Generally speaking, the following intonations are distinguished:
*Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice increases over time [↗];
*Falling Intonation means that the pitch decreases with time [↘];
*Dipping Intonation falls and then rises [↘↗];
*Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [↗↘].
Those with congenital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusia amusia] show impaired ability to [[discriminate]], identify and [[imitate]] the intonation of the final [[words]] in sentences.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_%28linguistics%29]
[[Category: Linguistics]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1620]
==Definitions==
*1: something that is intoned; specifically : the opening [[tones]] of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant Gregorian chant]
*2: the act of intoning and especially of [[chanting]]
*3: the ability to play or [[sing]] [[notes]] in tune
*4: manner of utterance; specifically : the rise and fall in pitch of the [[voice]] in [[speech]]
==Description==
In [[linguistics]], '''intonation''' is variation of pitch while [[speaking]] which is not used to distinguish [[words]]. It [[contrasts]] with [[tone]], in which pitch variation does distinguish words. Intonation, [[rhythm]], and [[stress]] are the three main elements of linguistic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics) prosody]. Intonation patterns in some [[languages]], such as Swedish and Swiss German, can lead to conspicuous fluctuations in pitch, giving [[speech]] a sing-song quality. Fluctuations in pitch either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch. Intonation is found in every language and even in tonal languages, but the realisation and [[function]] are seemingly [[different]]. It is used in non-tonal languages to add [[attitudes]] to [[words]] (attitudinal function) and to differentiate between [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wh-question wh-questions], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes-no_question yes-no questions], declarative statements, [[commands]], requests, etc. Intonation can also be used for [[discourse]] analysis where new [[information]] is realised by means of intonation. It can also be used for emphatic/contrastive [[purposes]].
All languages use pitch pragmatically as intonation — for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonal_language Tonal languages] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language Chinese] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language Hausa] use pitch for distinguishing [[words]] in addition to providing intonation.
Generally speaking, the following intonations are distinguished:
*Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice increases over time [↗];
*Falling Intonation means that the pitch decreases with time [↘];
*Dipping Intonation falls and then rises [↘↗];
*Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [↗↘].
Those with congenital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusia amusia] show impaired ability to [[discriminate]], identify and [[imitate]] the intonation of the final [[words]] in sentences.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_%28linguistics%29]
[[Category: Linguistics]]
