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− | [[Image:Escribano2.jpg|right|thumb|"this miniature fr. Christopher De Hamel, ''Scribes and Illuminators'', Toronto: U Toronto Press, 1992, 36. is a fanciful late fifteenth-century depiction of a scribe at work: he is shown copying a document or scroll from a bound book."]] | |
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− | (Enter ''Daynal Scriptorium'' here: [http://www.nordan.daynal.org/forum/]
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| ''''Scriptorium'''' is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European [[monasteries]] devoted to the copying of manuscripts by monastic [[scribes]]. Written accounts, surviving buildings, and archaeological excavations all show, however, that contrary to popular belief such rooms rarely existed: most monastic writing was done in cubicle-like recesses in the cloister, or in the monks' own cells. References in modern scholarly writings to 'scriptoria' more usually refer to the collective written output of a monastery, rather than to a physical room. Scriptoria in the conventional sense probably only existed for limited periods of time, when an institution or individual wanted a large number of texts copied to stock a library; once the library was stocked, there was no further need for a room to be set aside for the purpose. By the start of the 13th century secular copy-shops developed; professional scribes may have had special rooms set aside for writing, but in most cases they probably simply had a writing-desk next to a window in their own house. | | ''''Scriptorium'''' is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European [[monasteries]] devoted to the copying of manuscripts by monastic [[scribes]]. Written accounts, surviving buildings, and archaeological excavations all show, however, that contrary to popular belief such rooms rarely existed: most monastic writing was done in cubicle-like recesses in the cloister, or in the monks' own cells. References in modern scholarly writings to 'scriptoria' more usually refer to the collective written output of a monastery, rather than to a physical room. Scriptoria in the conventional sense probably only existed for limited periods of time, when an institution or individual wanted a large number of texts copied to stock a library; once the library was stocked, there was no further need for a room to be set aside for the purpose. By the start of the 13th century secular copy-shops developed; professional scribes may have had special rooms set aside for writing, but in most cases they probably simply had a writing-desk next to a window in their own house. |
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| * Diringer, David. ''The Book Before Printing: Ancient, Medieval and Oriental''. New York: Dover, 1982. | | * Diringer, David. ''The Book Before Printing: Ancient, Medieval and Oriental''. New York: Dover, 1982. |
| * Lawrence, C.H. ''Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages'', Ed. 2. London: Longman, 1989. | | * Lawrence, C.H. ''Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages'', Ed. 2. London: Longman, 1989. |
− | * Maitland, Samuel Roffey. ''The Dark Ages''. London : J.G.F. & J.Rivington, 1844. [http://www.archive.org/details/a591588100maituoft.] | + | * Maitland, Samuel Roffey. ''The Dark Ages''. London : J.G.F. & J.Rivington, 1844. [https://www.archive.org/details/a591588100maituoft.] |
| * McKitterick, Rosamond. "The Scriptoria of Merovingian Gaul: a survey of the evidence." In ''Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, 6th-9th Centuries'', VII 1-35. Great Yarmouth: Gilliard, 1994. Originally published in H.B. Clarke and Mary Brennan, trans., ''Columbanus and Merovingian Monasticism'', (Oxford: BAR International Serries 113, 1981). | | * McKitterick, Rosamond. "The Scriptoria of Merovingian Gaul: a survey of the evidence." In ''Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, 6th-9th Centuries'', VII 1-35. Great Yarmouth: Gilliard, 1994. Originally published in H.B. Clarke and Mary Brennan, trans., ''Columbanus and Merovingian Monasticism'', (Oxford: BAR International Serries 113, 1981). |
| * McKitterick, Rosamond. "Nun's scriptoria in England and Francia in the eighth century". In ''Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, 6th-9th Centuries'', VII 1-35. Great Yarmouth: Gilliard, 1994. Originally published in ''Francia 19/1'', (Sigmaringen: Jan Thornbecke Verlag, 1989). | | * McKitterick, Rosamond. "Nun's scriptoria in England and Francia in the eighth century". In ''Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, 6th-9th Centuries'', VII 1-35. Great Yarmouth: Gilliard, 1994. Originally published in ''Francia 19/1'', (Sigmaringen: Jan Thornbecke Verlag, 1989). |
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| * Sullivan, Richard. "What Was Carolingian Monasticism? The Plan of St Gall and the History of Monasticism." In ''After Romes's Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History'', edited by Alexander Callander Murray, 251-287. Toronto: U of Toronto Press, 1998. | | * Sullivan, Richard. "What Was Carolingian Monasticism? The Plan of St Gall and the History of Monasticism." In ''After Romes's Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History'', edited by Alexander Callander Murray, 251-287. Toronto: U of Toronto Press, 1998. |
| * Vogue, Adalbert de. ''The Rule of Saint Benedict: A Doctrinal and Spiritual Commentary''. Kalamazoo: Cistercian, 1983. | | * Vogue, Adalbert de. ''The Rule of Saint Benedict: A Doctrinal and Spiritual Commentary''. Kalamazoo: Cistercian, 1983. |
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| + | *[[Image:Digital_scriptorium.jpg|left|]] |
| + | * [https://www.scriptorium.columbia.edu/The Digital Scriptorium]: a visual catalog, an image database of dated and datable medieval and Renaissance manuscripts that forms a repertory of scriptorium styles |
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− | ==External links==
| + | * [https://www.newyorkcarver.com/scriptoria3.htm#Scriptorium New York Carver: Scriptorium] |
− | * [http://www.newyorkcarver.com/scriptoria3.htm#Scriptorium New York Carver: Scriptorium] | + | * [https://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/gutenberg/html/2.html Etchings of scriptoria and an example of a manuscript] |
− | * [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/gutenberg/html/2.html Etchings of scriptoria and an example of a manuscript] | + | * [https://www.osb.org/gen/robling/05script.html Fr. Landelin Robling OSB"The Order of Saint Benedict : Monastic Scriptoria"] |
− | * [http://www.osb.org/gen/robling/05script.html Fr. Landelin Robling OSB"The Order of Saint Benedict : Monastic Scriptoria"] | + | * [https://christdesert.org/Seeking_God/Scriptoria/index.html History of Scriptoria] |
− | * [http://sunsite.lib.berkeley.edu/Scriptorium/index.html The Digital Scriptorium]: a visual catalog, an image database of dated and datable medieval and Renaissance manuscripts that forms a repertory of scriptorium styles | |
− | * [http://www.christdesert.org/noframes/script/history.html History of Scriptoria]
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| * [https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/cdwright/www/msscat.html "Manuscript catalogues": Charles D. Wright's on-line bibliography covering medieval libraries and scriptoria.] | | * [https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/cdwright/www/msscat.html "Manuscript catalogues": Charles D. Wright's on-line bibliography covering medieval libraries and scriptoria.] |
− | * [http://www.stgallplan.org/index.html St. Gall Monastery Plan] | + | * [https://www.stgallplan.org/index.html St. Gall Monastery Plan] |
− | * [http://www.standrews-scriptorium.org The St. Andrews Scriptorium] | + | * [https://www.standrews-scriptorium.org The St. Andrews Scriptorium] |
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| [[Category:General Reference]] | | [[Category:General Reference]] |