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...theory of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium punctuated equilibrium] and other kinds of revolutionary change in [[complex]] systems generally,

...and Niles Eldredge to [[contrast]] with their [[concept]] of Punctuated [[equilibrium]], which is gradualist itself (but accepts that saltation can occur).

Many cultures have experienced an equilibrium state in which writing and mass illiteracy have co-existed for hundreds or ...Old Testament]], are extremely violent by modern standards. They are also punctuated by frequent and intense intellectual combat and tongue-lashings on the one

...ged.[https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/eldredge.asp "Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism"] In this theory, speciat