102,854
edits
Changes
From Nordan Symposia
Jump to navigationJump to searchCreated page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame ==Origin== New Latin, from Greek ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps'' *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_cen...'
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Myopia400.jpg|right|frame]]
==Origin==
New Latin, from [[Greek]] ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1752]
==Definitions==
*1: a condition in which the [[visual]] images come to a [[focus]] in front of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina retina] of the eye resulting especially in defective [[vision]] of distant objects
*2: a lack of [[foresight]] or [[discernment]] : a narrow view of something
==Description==
'''Myopia''' ([[Greek]]: μυωπία, muōpia, from myein "to shut" – ops (gen. opos) "eye"), commonly known as being ''nearsighted'' (American English) and ''shortsighted'' (British English), is a condition of the eye where the [[light]] that comes in does not directly [[focus]] on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional Eye care professionals] most commonly correct [[myopia]] through the use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens corrective lenses], such as glasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery refractive surgery], though there are cases of associated side effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. have a net concave effect) which compensates for the excessive positive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter diopters] of the myopic eye.
The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. The incidence of myopia within sampled [[population]] often varies with age, [[country]], sex, race, [[ethnicity]], occupation, [[environment]], and other factors. Variability in testing and [[data]] collection [[methods]] makes comparisons of prevalence and progression difficult.
The prevalence of myopia has been reported as high as 70–90% in some Asian countries, 30–40% in Europe and the United States, and 10–20% in Africa. Myopia is less common in African people and associated diaspora. In Americans between the ages of 12 and 54, myopia has been found to affect African Americans less than Caucasians.
==As a Metaphor==
The terms "myopia" and "myopic" (or the common terms "shortsightedness" or "shortsighted", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in foresight or in concern for wider interests or for longer-term [[consequences]]. It is often used to describe a [[decision]] that may be beneficial in the present, but detrimental in the future, or a viewpoint that fails to consider anything outside a very narrow and [[limited]] range. '''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperopia Hyperopia]''''', the biological opposite of myopia, may also be used metaphorically for a [[value]] system or [[motivation]] that exhibits "farsighted" or possibly [[visionary]] [[thinking]] and behavior; that is, emphasizing long-term interests at the apparent expense of near-term benefit.
[[Category: Physiology]]
[[Category: Biology]]
==Origin==
New Latin, from [[Greek]] ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1752]
==Definitions==
*1: a condition in which the [[visual]] images come to a [[focus]] in front of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina retina] of the eye resulting especially in defective [[vision]] of distant objects
*2: a lack of [[foresight]] or [[discernment]] : a narrow view of something
==Description==
'''Myopia''' ([[Greek]]: μυωπία, muōpia, from myein "to shut" – ops (gen. opos) "eye"), commonly known as being ''nearsighted'' (American English) and ''shortsighted'' (British English), is a condition of the eye where the [[light]] that comes in does not directly [[focus]] on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional Eye care professionals] most commonly correct [[myopia]] through the use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens corrective lenses], such as glasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery refractive surgery], though there are cases of associated side effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. have a net concave effect) which compensates for the excessive positive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter diopters] of the myopic eye.
The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. The incidence of myopia within sampled [[population]] often varies with age, [[country]], sex, race, [[ethnicity]], occupation, [[environment]], and other factors. Variability in testing and [[data]] collection [[methods]] makes comparisons of prevalence and progression difficult.
The prevalence of myopia has been reported as high as 70–90% in some Asian countries, 30–40% in Europe and the United States, and 10–20% in Africa. Myopia is less common in African people and associated diaspora. In Americans between the ages of 12 and 54, myopia has been found to affect African Americans less than Caucasians.
==As a Metaphor==
The terms "myopia" and "myopic" (or the common terms "shortsightedness" or "shortsighted", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in foresight or in concern for wider interests or for longer-term [[consequences]]. It is often used to describe a [[decision]] that may be beneficial in the present, but detrimental in the future, or a viewpoint that fails to consider anything outside a very narrow and [[limited]] range. '''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperopia Hyperopia]''''', the biological opposite of myopia, may also be used metaphorically for a [[value]] system or [[motivation]] that exhibits "farsighted" or possibly [[visionary]] [[thinking]] and behavior; that is, emphasizing long-term interests at the apparent expense of near-term benefit.
[[Category: Physiology]]
[[Category: Biology]]
