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| ==Origin== | | ==Origin== |
− | French or Late Latin; French sarcasme, from Late Latin sarcasmos, from [[Greek]] sarkasmos, from sarkazein to tear [[flesh]], bite the lips in [[rage]], sneer, from sark-, sarx flesh; probably akin to Avestan thwarəs- to cut. It is first recorded in [[English]] in 1579, in an annotation to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shepheardes_Calender The Shepheardes Calender]: October: | + | French or Late Latin; French sarcasme, from Late Latin sarcasmos, from [[Greek]] sarkasmos, from sarkazein to tear [[flesh]], bite the lips in [[rage]], sneer, from sark-, sarx flesh; probably akin to Avestan thwarəs- to cut. It is first recorded in [[English]] in 1579, in an annotation to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shepheardes_Calender The Shepheardes Calender]: October: |
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− | <blockquote>Tom piper) An Ironicall [Sarcasmus], spoken in derision of these rude wits, whych make more account of a ryming rybaud,[7] then of skill grounded vpon learning and iudgment.—[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Spenser Edmund Spenser]</blockquote> | + | <blockquote>Tom piper) An Ironicall [Sarcasmus], spoken in derision of these rude wits, whych make more account of a ryming rybaud,[7] then of skill grounded vpon learning and iudgment.—[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Spenser Edmund Spenser]</blockquote> |
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| The word comes from the late Greek σαρκασμός (sarkasmos) taken from the word σαρκάζειν meaning 'to tear flesh, gnash the teeth, speak bitterly'.[9] However, the ancient Greek word for the rhetorical concept of taunting was instead χλευασμός (chleyasmόs). | | The word comes from the late Greek σαρκασμός (sarkasmos) taken from the word σαρκάζειν meaning 'to tear flesh, gnash the teeth, speak bitterly'.[9] However, the ancient Greek word for the rhetorical concept of taunting was instead χλευασμός (chleyasmόs). |
− | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1550] | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1550] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
| *1: a sharp and often satirical or [[ironic]] utterance designed to cut or give [[pain]] | | *1: a sharp and often satirical or [[ironic]] utterance designed to cut or give [[pain]] |
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| Hostile, [[critical]] comments may be expressed in an ironic way, such as saying "don't work too hard" to a [[lazy]] worker. The use of [[irony]] introduces an element of [[humor]] which may make the criticism seem more polite and less aggressive. Sarcasm can frequently be unnoticed in [[print]] form, often times requiring the inflection or [[tone]] of [[voice]] to indicate the quip. | | Hostile, [[critical]] comments may be expressed in an ironic way, such as saying "don't work too hard" to a [[lazy]] worker. The use of [[irony]] introduces an element of [[humor]] which may make the criticism seem more polite and less aggressive. Sarcasm can frequently be unnoticed in [[print]] form, often times requiring the inflection or [[tone]] of [[voice]] to indicate the quip. |
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− | Cultural [[perspectives]] on sarcasm vary widely with more than a few cultures and [[linguistic]] groups finding it offensive to varying [[degrees]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle Thomas Carlyle] despised it: "Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the [[language]] of the [[devil]]; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky Fyodor Dostoyevsky], on the other hand, [[recognized]] in it a cry of [[pain]]: Sarcasm, he said, was "usually the last refuge of [[modest]] and chaste-souled people when the [[privacy]] of their soul is coarsely and intrusively invaded." [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1855 RFC 1855], a collection of guidelines for [[Internet]] [[communications]], even includes a [[warning]] to be especially careful with it as it "may not travel well".[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcasm] | + | Cultural [[perspectives]] on sarcasm vary widely with more than a few cultures and [[linguistic]] groups finding it offensive to varying [[degrees]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle Thomas Carlyle] despised it: "Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the [[language]] of the [[devil]]; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky Fyodor Dostoyevsky], on the other hand, [[recognized]] in it a cry of [[pain]]: Sarcasm, he said, was "usually the last refuge of [[modest]] and chaste-souled people when the [[privacy]] of their soul is coarsely and intrusively invaded." [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1855 RFC 1855], a collection of guidelines for [[Internet]] [[communications]], even includes a [[warning]] to be especially careful with it as it "may not travel well".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcasm] |
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| [[Category: Languages and Literature]] | | [[Category: Languages and Literature]] |