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A deeply ingrained and maladaptive [[pattern]] of [[behavior]] of a specified kind, typically [[manifest]] by the time one reaches [[adolescence]] and causing long-term [[difficulties]] in personal [[relationships]] or in functioning in [[society]].

A deeply ingrained and maladaptive [[pattern]] of [[behavior]] of a specified kind, typically [[manifest]] by the time one reaches [[adolescence]] and causing long-term [[difficulties]] in personal [[relationships]] or in functioning in [[society]].

==Description==

==Description==

'''Personality disorders''' are a class of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder mental disorders] characterized by [[enduring]] maladaptive patterns of [[behavior]], [[cognition]], and inner [[experience]], exhibited across many [[contexts]] and deviating markedly from those [[accepted]] by the individual's [[culture]]. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or [[disability]]. The definitions may vary somewhat, according to source.

'''Personality disorders''' are a class of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder mental disorders] characterized by [[enduring]] maladaptive patterns of [[behavior]], [[cognition]], and inner [[experience]], exhibited across many [[contexts]] and deviating markedly from those [[accepted]] by the individual's [[culture]]. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or [[disability]]. The definitions may vary somewhat, according to source.

Official [[criteria]] for [[diagnosing]] ''personality disorders'' are listed in the ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]'', published by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association American Psychiatric Association], and in the mental and behavioral disorders section of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems], published by the World Health Organization. The DSM-5 published in 2013 now lists personality disorders in exactly the same way as other mental disorders, rather than on a separate 'axis' as previously.

Official [[criteria]] for [[diagnosing]] ''personality disorders'' are listed in the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]'', published by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association American Psychiatric Association], and in the mental and behavioral disorders section of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems], published by the World Health Organization. The DSM-5 published in 2013 now lists personality disorders in exactly the same way as other mental disorders, rather than on a separate 'axis' as previously.

[[Personality]], defined [[psychologically]], is the set of enduring behavioral and mental [[traits]] that distinguish [[human being]]s. Hence, ''personality disorders'' are defined by [[experiences]] and [[behaviors]] that differ from societal norms and [[expectations]]. Those diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in [[cognition]], emotiveness, interpersonal functioning, or control of [[impulses]]. In general, personality disorders are diagnosed in 40–60 percent of psychiatric patients, making them the most frequent of all psychiatric diagnoses.

[[Personality]], defined [[psychologically]], is the set of enduring behavioral and mental [[traits]] that distinguish [[human being]]s. Hence, ''personality disorders'' are defined by [[experiences]] and [[behaviors]] that differ from societal norms and [[expectations]]. Those diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in [[cognition]], emotiveness, interpersonal functioning, or control of [[impulses]]. In general, personality disorders are diagnosed in 40–60 percent of psychiatric patients, making them the most frequent of all psychiatric diagnoses.

These behavioral patterns in ''personality disorders'' are typically associated with substantial [[disturbances]] in some behavioral tendencies of an [[individual]], usually involving several areas of the personality, and are nearly always associated with considerable [[personal]] and [[social]] [[disruption]]. A person is classified as having a personality disorder if their abnormalities of behavior impair their social or occupational functioning. Additionally, personality disorders are inflexible and pervasive across many situations, due in large part to the [[fact]] that such behavior may be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-syntonic ego-syntonic] (i.e. the patterns are consistent with the ego [[integrity]] of the individual) and are, therefore, [[perceived]] to be appropriate by that individual. This behavior can result in maladaptive coping [[skills]], which may lead to personal [[problems]] that induce extreme [[anxiety]], distress, or depression. These [[patterns]] of behavior typically are recognized in [[adolescence]] and the beginning of [[adulthood]] and, in some unusual instances, [[childhood]].

These behavioral patterns in ''personality disorders'' are typically associated with substantial [[disturbances]] in some behavioral tendencies of an [[individual]], usually involving several areas of the personality, and are nearly always associated with considerable [[personal]] and [[social]] [[disruption]]. A person is classified as having a personality disorder if their abnormalities of behavior impair their social or occupational functioning. Additionally, personality disorders are inflexible and pervasive across many situations, due in large part to the [[fact]] that such behavior may be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-syntonic ego-syntonic] (i.e. the patterns are consistent with the ego [[integrity]] of the individual) and are, therefore, [[perceived]] to be appropriate by that individual. This behavior can result in maladaptive coping [[skills]], which may lead to personal [[problems]] that induce extreme [[anxiety]], distress, or depression. These [[patterns]] of behavior typically are recognized in [[adolescence]] and the beginning of [[adulthood]] and, in some unusual instances, [[childhood]].

Many issues occur with classifying a personality disorder. There are many categories of [[definition]], some mild and some [[extreme]]. Because the [[theory]] and [[diagnosis]] of ''personality disorders'' occur within prevailing cultural [[expectations]], their validity is contested by some [[experts]] on the basis of invariable [[subjectivity]]. They [[argue]] that the theory and diagnosis of personality disorders are based strictly on [[social]], or even sociopolitical and [[economic]] considerations.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder]

Many issues occur with classifying a personality disorder. There are many categories of [[definition]], some mild and some [[extreme]]. Because the [[theory]] and [[diagnosis]] of ''personality disorders'' occur within prevailing cultural [[expectations]], their validity is contested by some [[experts]] on the basis of invariable [[subjectivity]]. They [[argue]] that the theory and diagnosis of personality disorders are based strictly on [[social]], or even sociopolitical and [[economic]] considerations.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]