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The closest living relatives of ''Homo sapiens'' are two distinct species of the genus Pan: the [[Bonobo]] (''Pan paniscus'') and the [[Common Chimpanzee]] (''Pan troglodytes''). These species share the same common ancestor. The main difference between them is the social organization: [[matriarchal]] for the Bonobo and [[patriarchal]] for the Common Chimpanzee. Full [[genome]] sequencing resulted in the conclusion that "after 6.5 [[million]] years of separate evolution, the differences between bonobo/chimpanzee and human are just 10 times greater than those between two unrelated people and 10 times less than those between rats and mice". In fact, 95 per cent of the DNA sequence is identical between the two ''Pan'' species and human.[[Frans de Waal]], ''Bonobo'' ISBN 0-520-20535-9 [http://www.2think.org/bonobo.shtml] [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/21/13633] [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/12/7181][http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/248]| It has been estimated that the human [[lineage (evolution)|lineage]] diverged from that of chimpanzees about five million years ago, and from [[gorilla]]s about  eight million years ago. However, a hominid skull discovered in [[Chad]] in 2001, classified as ''[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', is approximately seven million years old, which may indicate an earlier divergence. [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6894/full/nature00879.html]  

The closest living relatives of ''Homo sapiens'' are two distinct species of the genus Pan: the [[Bonobo]] (''Pan paniscus'') and the [[Common Chimpanzee]] (''Pan troglodytes''). These species share the same common ancestor. The main difference between them is the social organization: [[matriarchal]] for the Bonobo and [[patriarchal]] for the Common Chimpanzee. Full [[genome]] sequencing resulted in the conclusion that "after 6.5 [[million]] years of separate evolution, the differences between bonobo/chimpanzee and human are just 10 times greater than those between two unrelated people and 10 times less than those between rats and mice". In fact, 95 per cent of the DNA sequence is identical between the two ''Pan'' species and human.[[Frans de Waal]], ''Bonobo'' ISBN 0-520-20535-9 [http://www.2think.org/bonobo.shtml] [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/21/13633] [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/100/12/7181][http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/248]| It has been estimated that the human [[lineage (evolution)|lineage]] diverged from that of chimpanzees about five million years ago, and from [[gorilla]]s about  eight million years ago. However, a hominid skull discovered in [[Chad]] in 2001, classified as ''[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', is approximately seven million years old, which may indicate an earlier divergence. [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6894/full/nature00879.html]