Changes

The result of valence effects may be called [[wishful thinking]]. However, in some cases, positive outcome bias may actually alter events in some way so that it indeed results in a positive outcome. Examples of this have been known to occur in [[war]], when commanding officers have inspired their soldiers such that they are able to emerge victorious.

The result of valence effects may be called [[wishful thinking]]. However, in some cases, positive outcome bias may actually alter events in some way so that it indeed results in a positive outcome. Examples of this have been known to occur in [[war]], when commanding officers have inspired their soldiers such that they are able to emerge victorious.

==Citation==

==Citation==

# Nigel Taylor (2000-01-18). "Making Actuaries Less Human: Lessons from  

# Nigel Taylor (2000-01-18). "[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=2&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sias.org.uk%2Fdata%2Fpapers%2FBehaviouralFinance%2FDownloadPDF&ei=Srw4RpzQLpPEiwGhu7TkDA&usg=AFrqEze1605hIFtf9inCo5FHPZZTeq-DTQ&sig2=lg65w26FFzNGNf232y9ToA Making Actuaries Less Human: Lessons from Behavioral Finance" (PDF). The Staple Inn Actuarial Society].

 

==References==

==References==