Changes

Cybernetics is preeminent when the system under scrutiny is involved in a closed signal loop, where action by the system in an environment causes some change in the environment and that change is manifest to the system via [[information]] / feedback that causes the system to adapt to new conditions: the system changes its [[behavior]]. This "circular causal" relationship is necessary and sufficient for a cybernetic perspective.[citation needed]

Cybernetics is preeminent when the system under scrutiny is involved in a closed signal loop, where action by the system in an environment causes some change in the environment and that change is manifest to the system via [[information]] / feedback that causes the system to adapt to new conditions: the system changes its [[behavior]]. This "circular causal" relationship is necessary and sufficient for a cybernetic perspective.[citation needed]

Example of cybernetic [[thinking]]. On the one hand a company is approached as a system in an environment. On the other hand cybernetic factory can be [[mathematical modeling|modeled]] as a control system.

Example of cybernetic [[thinking]]. On the one hand a company is approached as a system in an environment. On the other hand cybernetic factory can be [[mathematical model|modeled]] as a control system.

Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, [[logic]] modeling, evolutionary [[biology]], neuroscience, [[anthropology]], and [[psychology]] in the 1940s, often attributed to the Macy Conferences.

Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, [[logic]] modeling, evolutionary [[biology]], neuroscience, [[anthropology]], and [[psychology]] in the 1940s, often attributed to the Macy Conferences.