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==Origins==
Anglo-Norman and Middle French artificiel (French artificiel) skilfully made or contrived, brought about by [[human]] skill or intervention (1267 in Old French), cunning, seeking to deceive (1532), unspontaneous, affected (c1537) and its etymon classical [[Latin]] artificilis made or contrived by [[art]] (used by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintilian Quintilian] in [[rhetoric]]al [[context]], [[translating]] ancient [[Greek]] ), in post-classical Latin also prescribed by [[art]], [[scientific]] (4th or 5th cent.; 14th cent. in a British source), produced by human skill (from 9th cent. in British sources), skilled, artistic, involving craftsmanship (from 12th cent. in British sources) < artificium ARTIFICE n. + -lis -AL suffix1. Compare Old Occitan artificial (14th cent.), Catalan artificial (1272), Spanish artificial (c1250), Portuguese artificial (14th cent.), Italian artificiale (a1294).
==Definitions==
*A. Adjective.
:I. Opposed to natural.
::1. a. Of a thing: made or constructed by human skill, esp. in imitation of, or as a substitute for, something which is made or occurs naturally; man-made.
::b. Originally: designating a device made to replace a missing or abnormal body part; = PROSTHETIC adj. 2. In later use also: designating a device or machine which performs or assists the function of an organ.
::c. Designating a man-made object (real or imaginary) that is placed in orbit round a celestial object, in the manner of a natural planet or satellite.
::2. a. Of a system, situation, etc.: brought about by human skill or intervention; that does not occur or result naturally, spontaneously, or in the expected manner. Also of an act or process: carried out by non-natural means.
:::b. Of a natural phenomenon: produced by or resulting from human skill or design.
:::c. Physics. Of nuclear transmutation and radioactivity: brought about (as by bombardment with subatomic particles), rather than natural or spontaneous; (of isotopes and elements) resulting from phenomena of this kind, not occurring naturally.
::3. Not natural or genuine in appearance or manners; affected, pretentious.
::4. a. Contrived or fabricated for a particular purpose, esp. for deception; resulting from artifice; feigned, fictitious. Cf. quot. a1616 at sense A. 2b.
:::b. Contract Bridge. Designating a bid or bidding system used to signal information about a player's hand to his or her partner by means of a prearranged convention.
::5. Chiefly Biol. and Taxon. Designating a classification scheme based on characteristics selected primarily for pragmatic reasons, to enable identification and categorization of the things classified, rather than for any correspondence to natural affinities or essential characteristics; relating to such a system. Recorded earliest in artificial system
:II. Of or relating to art or science.
::6. According to the principles of an art or science; scientific, systematic. Now rare except in artificial music, used in translating or referring to the work of the 14th-cent. French poet Eustache Deschamps.
::7. Of or designating the practical arts or crafts; (esp. of language) technical. Obs.
:III. Displaying art or skill.
::8. Displaying or characterized by artifice; artful, cunning. Obs.
::9. a. Of a thing: skilfully made or contrived; cleverly constructed. Obs.
:::b. Of a person: skilled in an art or craft; technically or artistically adept. Obs.
::10. Of workmanship, a method, etc.: displaying technical skill; expert, ingenious. Obs.
::11. Logic. Of an argument: relying on sound rational principles as opposed to authority or testimony. Cf. INARTIFICIAL adj. 3. Now hist. Used only in reference to Ramist logic.
::12. Displaying education or training; scholarly. Now rare. In recent use only in reference to quot. a1631).
*B. Noun.
::1. With the. That which is artificial. Freq. contrasted with NATURAL n.1 9b.
::2. An artificial or man-made thing; a product of artifice. Usu. in pl. Now rare except in specific uses
[[Category: General Reference]]
==Origins==
Anglo-Norman and Middle French artificiel (French artificiel) skilfully made or contrived, brought about by [[human]] skill or intervention (1267 in Old French), cunning, seeking to deceive (1532), unspontaneous, affected (c1537) and its etymon classical [[Latin]] artificilis made or contrived by [[art]] (used by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintilian Quintilian] in [[rhetoric]]al [[context]], [[translating]] ancient [[Greek]] ), in post-classical Latin also prescribed by [[art]], [[scientific]] (4th or 5th cent.; 14th cent. in a British source), produced by human skill (from 9th cent. in British sources), skilled, artistic, involving craftsmanship (from 12th cent. in British sources) < artificium ARTIFICE n. + -lis -AL suffix1. Compare Old Occitan artificial (14th cent.), Catalan artificial (1272), Spanish artificial (c1250), Portuguese artificial (14th cent.), Italian artificiale (a1294).
==Definitions==
*A. Adjective.
:I. Opposed to natural.
::1. a. Of a thing: made or constructed by human skill, esp. in imitation of, or as a substitute for, something which is made or occurs naturally; man-made.
::b. Originally: designating a device made to replace a missing or abnormal body part; = PROSTHETIC adj. 2. In later use also: designating a device or machine which performs or assists the function of an organ.
::c. Designating a man-made object (real or imaginary) that is placed in orbit round a celestial object, in the manner of a natural planet or satellite.
::2. a. Of a system, situation, etc.: brought about by human skill or intervention; that does not occur or result naturally, spontaneously, or in the expected manner. Also of an act or process: carried out by non-natural means.
:::b. Of a natural phenomenon: produced by or resulting from human skill or design.
:::c. Physics. Of nuclear transmutation and radioactivity: brought about (as by bombardment with subatomic particles), rather than natural or spontaneous; (of isotopes and elements) resulting from phenomena of this kind, not occurring naturally.
::3. Not natural or genuine in appearance or manners; affected, pretentious.
::4. a. Contrived or fabricated for a particular purpose, esp. for deception; resulting from artifice; feigned, fictitious. Cf. quot. a1616 at sense A. 2b.
:::b. Contract Bridge. Designating a bid or bidding system used to signal information about a player's hand to his or her partner by means of a prearranged convention.
::5. Chiefly Biol. and Taxon. Designating a classification scheme based on characteristics selected primarily for pragmatic reasons, to enable identification and categorization of the things classified, rather than for any correspondence to natural affinities or essential characteristics; relating to such a system. Recorded earliest in artificial system
:II. Of or relating to art or science.
::6. According to the principles of an art or science; scientific, systematic. Now rare except in artificial music, used in translating or referring to the work of the 14th-cent. French poet Eustache Deschamps.
::7. Of or designating the practical arts or crafts; (esp. of language) technical. Obs.
:III. Displaying art or skill.
::8. Displaying or characterized by artifice; artful, cunning. Obs.
::9. a. Of a thing: skilfully made or contrived; cleverly constructed. Obs.
:::b. Of a person: skilled in an art or craft; technically or artistically adept. Obs.
::10. Of workmanship, a method, etc.: displaying technical skill; expert, ingenious. Obs.
::11. Logic. Of an argument: relying on sound rational principles as opposed to authority or testimony. Cf. INARTIFICIAL adj. 3. Now hist. Used only in reference to Ramist logic.
::12. Displaying education or training; scholarly. Now rare. In recent use only in reference to quot. a1631).
*B. Noun.
::1. With the. That which is artificial. Freq. contrasted with NATURAL n.1 9b.
::2. An artificial or man-made thing; a product of artifice. Usu. in pl. Now rare except in specific uses
[[Category: General Reference]]
