Changes

68:5.8 Prepastoral [[society]] was one of [[sex]] [[co-operation]], but the spread of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry animal husbandry] reduced [[women]] to the depths of [[social]] [[slavery]]. In earlier times it was man's [[duty]] to secure the [[animal]] [[food]], woman's business to provide the [[vegetable]] edibles. Therefore, when man entered the pastoral era of his [[existence]], woman's [[dignity]] fell greatly. She must still toil to produce the [[vegetable]] [[necessities]] of life, whereas the man need only go to his herds to provide an [[abundance]] of [[animal]] [[food]]. Man thus became [[relatively]] [[independent]] of woman; throughout the entire pastoral age [[woman]]'s [[status]] steadily declined. By the close of this era she had become scarcely more than a [[human]] [[animal]], consigned to [[work]] and to bear [[human]] [[offspring]], much as the [[animals]] of the herd were expected to [[labor]] and bring forth young. The men of the pastoral ages had great [[love]] for their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle cattle]; all the more [[pity]] they could not have [[developed]] a deeper [[affection]] for their [[wives]].

68:5.8 Prepastoral [[society]] was one of [[sex]] [[co-operation]], but the spread of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry animal husbandry] reduced [[women]] to the depths of [[social]] [[slavery]]. In earlier times it was man's [[duty]] to secure the [[animal]] [[food]], woman's business to provide the [[vegetable]] edibles. Therefore, when man entered the pastoral era of his [[existence]], woman's [[dignity]] fell greatly. She must still toil to produce the [[vegetable]] [[necessities]] of life, whereas the man need only go to his herds to provide an [[abundance]] of [[animal]] [[food]]. Man thus became [[relatively]] [[independent]] of woman; throughout the entire pastoral age [[woman]]'s [[status]] steadily declined. By the close of this era she had become scarcely more than a [[human]] [[animal]], consigned to [[work]] and to bear [[human]] [[offspring]], much as the [[animals]] of the herd were expected to [[labor]] and bring forth young. The men of the pastoral ages had great [[love]] for their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle cattle]; all the more [[pity]] they could not have [[developed]] a deeper [[affection]] for their [[wives]].

    

    

*4. 68:5.9 4. ''The agricultural stage''. This era was brought about by the domestication of plants, and it represents the highest type of material civilization. Both Caligastia and Adam endeavored to teach horticulture and agriculture. Adam and Eve were gardeners, not shepherds, and gardening was an advanced culture in those days. The growing of plants exerts an ennobling influence on all races of mankind.

*4. 68:5.9 4. ''The agricultural stage''. This era was brought about by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication domestication] of [[plants]], and it [[represents]] the highest type of [[material]] [[civilization]]. Both [[Caligastia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Adam] endeavored to teach [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulture horticulture] and [[agriculture]]. [[Adam and Eve]] were gardeners, not shepherds, and gardening was an advanced [[culture]] in those days. The growing of [[plants]] exerts an ennobling [[influence]] on all [[races]] of [[mankind]].

68:5.10 Agriculture more than quadrupled the land-man ratio of the world. It may be combined with the pastoral pursuits of the former cultural stage. When the three stages overlap, men hunt and women till the soil.

68:5.10 [[Agriculture]] more than quadrupled the [[land]]-[[man]] [[ratio]] of the world. It may be combined with the pastoral pursuits of the former cultural stage. When the three stages overlap, [[men]] [[hunt]] and [[women]] till the [[soil]].

68:5.11 There has always been friction between the herders and the tillers of the soil. The hunter and herder were militant, warlike; the agriculturist is a more peace-loving type. Association with animals suggests struggle and force; association with plants instills patience, quiet, and peace. Agriculture and industrialism are the activities of peace. But the weakness of both, as world social activities, is that they lack excitement and adventure.

68:5.11 There has always been [[friction]] between the herders and the tillers of the soil. The [[hunter]] and herder were militant, [[war]]like; the agriculturist is a more [[peace]]-loving type. [[Association]] with [[animals]] suggests [[struggle]] and [[force]]; association with [[plants]] instills [[patience]], [[quiet]], and [[peace]]. [[Agriculture]] and industrialism are the [[activities]] of [[peace]]. But the weakness of both, as world [[social]] [[activities]], is that they lack excitement and [[adventure]].

68:5.12 Human society has evolved from the hunting stage through that of the herders to the territorial stage of agriculture. And each stage of this progressive civilization was accompanied by less and less of nomadism; more and more man began to live at home.

68:5.12 [[Human]] [[society]] has evolved from the [[hunting]] [[stage]] through that of the herders to the territorial stage of [[agriculture]]. And each stage of this [[progressive]] [[civilization]] was accompanied by less and less of [[nomadism]]; more and more man began to live at [[home]].

68:5.13 And now is industry supplementing agriculture, with consequently increased urbanization and multiplication of nonagricultural groups of citizenship classes. But an industrial era cannot hope to survive if its leaders fail to recognize that even the highest social developments must ever rest upon a sound agricultural basis.

68:5.13 And now is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry industry] supplementing [[agriculture]], with consequently increased [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization urbanization] and multiplication of nonagricultural [[groups]] of [[citizenship]] classes. But an industrial era cannot [[hope]] to [[survive]] if its [[leaders]] fail to [[recognize]] that even the highest [[social]] [[developments]] must ever rest upon a sound [[agricultural]] basis.

==68:6. EVOLUTION OF CULTURE==

==68:6. EVOLUTION OF CULTURE==