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From Nordan Symposia
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==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] clǣg; akin to Old High German klīwa bran, [[Latin]] gluten glue, Middle Greek glia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before 12th Century]
==Definitions==
*1a : an [[earth]]y [[material]] that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is [[composed]] mainly of fine [[particles]] of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : [[soil]] composed chiefly of this material having particles less than a specified size
:b : [[earth]], mud
*2a : a substance that resembles clay in plasticity and is used for modeling
:b : the [[human]] [[body]] as distinguished from the [[spirit]]
:c : fundamental [[nature]] or [[character]] <the common clay>
==Description==
'''Clay''' (pronounced /ˌklei/) is a naturally occurring [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_silicate aluminium silicate] composed primarily of fine-grained [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral minerals]. Clay deposits are mostly composed of clay minerals, a subtype of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Phyllosilicates phyllosilicate minerals], which impart plasticity and harden when fired or dried; they also may contain variable amounts of [[water]] trapped in the mineral [[structure]] by polar [[attraction]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_material Organic materials] which do not impart plasticity may also be a part of clay deposits.
==Formation==
Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the [[gradual]] [[chemical]] weathering of [[rocks]], usually silicate-bearing, by low concentrations of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_acid carbonic acid] and other diluted solvents. These solvents, usually acidic, migrate through the weathering [[rock]] after leaching through upper weathered layers. In addition to the weathering [[process]], some clay minerals are formed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal hydrothermal] activity. Clay deposits may be formed in place as residual deposits in [[soil]], but thick deposits usually are formed as the result of a secondary [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal sedimentary] deposition [[process]] after they have been eroded and transported from their [[original]] location of formation. Clay deposits are typically associated with very low energy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_depositional_environment depositional environments] such as large [[lakes]] and [[marine]] deposits.
Primary clays, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinite kaolins], are located at the site of formation. Secondary clay deposits have been moved by [[erosion]] and [[water]] from their primary location.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay]
[[Category: Earth Science]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] clǣg; akin to Old High German klīwa bran, [[Latin]] gluten glue, Middle Greek glia
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century before 12th Century]
==Definitions==
*1a : an [[earth]]y [[material]] that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is [[composed]] mainly of fine [[particles]] of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : [[soil]] composed chiefly of this material having particles less than a specified size
:b : [[earth]], mud
*2a : a substance that resembles clay in plasticity and is used for modeling
:b : the [[human]] [[body]] as distinguished from the [[spirit]]
:c : fundamental [[nature]] or [[character]] <the common clay>
==Description==
'''Clay''' (pronounced /ˌklei/) is a naturally occurring [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_silicate aluminium silicate] composed primarily of fine-grained [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral minerals]. Clay deposits are mostly composed of clay minerals, a subtype of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Phyllosilicates phyllosilicate minerals], which impart plasticity and harden when fired or dried; they also may contain variable amounts of [[water]] trapped in the mineral [[structure]] by polar [[attraction]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_material Organic materials] which do not impart plasticity may also be a part of clay deposits.
==Formation==
Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the [[gradual]] [[chemical]] weathering of [[rocks]], usually silicate-bearing, by low concentrations of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_acid carbonic acid] and other diluted solvents. These solvents, usually acidic, migrate through the weathering [[rock]] after leaching through upper weathered layers. In addition to the weathering [[process]], some clay minerals are formed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal hydrothermal] activity. Clay deposits may be formed in place as residual deposits in [[soil]], but thick deposits usually are formed as the result of a secondary [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal sedimentary] deposition [[process]] after they have been eroded and transported from their [[original]] location of formation. Clay deposits are typically associated with very low energy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_depositional_environment depositional environments] such as large [[lakes]] and [[marine]] deposits.
Primary clays, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinite kaolins], are located at the site of formation. Secondary clay deposits have been moved by [[erosion]] and [[water]] from their primary location.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay]
[[Category: Earth Science]]
