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Jump to navigationJump to searchCreated page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame ==Origin== "Accountability" stems from late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to [[ca...'
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Accountability.jpg|right|frame]]
==Origin==
"Accountability" stems from late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to [[calculate]]), which in turn derived from putare (to reckon). While the [[word]] itself does not appear in [[English]] until its use in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_century 13th century] Norman England, the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems that first developed in Ancient Israel, Babylon, Egypt, Greece, and later, Rome.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1794]
==Definition==
*the [[quality]] or [[state]] of being accountable; especially : an obligation or willingness to [[accept]] [[responsibility]] or to account for one's [[actions]] <[[public]] officials lacking accountability>
==Description==
'''Accountability''' is a [[concept]] in [[ethics]] and governance with several [[meanings]]. It is often used synonymously with such concepts as [[responsibility]], answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and other terms associated with the [[expectation]] of account-giving. As an aspect of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance governance], it has been central to [[discussions]] related to [[problems]] in the [[public]] sector, nonprofit and private (corporate) worlds. In [[leadership]] roles, accountability is the acknowledgment and [[assumption]] of [[responsibility]] for [[actions]], products, [[decisions]], and policies including the [[administration]], governance, and implementation within the scope of the role or employment position and encompassing the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences.
As a term related to governance, accountability has been difficult to define. It is frequently described as an account-giving [[relationship]] between [[individuals]], e.g. "A is accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B about A’s (past or [[future]]) [[actions]] and [[decisions]], to justify them, and to suffer [[punishment]] in the case of eventual misconduct". Accountability cannot exist without proper accounting practices, in other words [[absence]] of accounting means absence of accountability.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountability]
==Notes==
# Walzer, Michael (1994). "The Legal Codes of Ancient Israel". In Ian Shapiro. the Rule of Law. NY: New York University Press. pp. 101–119.
# Urch, Edwin J. (July 1929). "The Law Code of Hammurabi". American Bar Association Journal 15 (7): 437–441.
# Ezzamel, Mahmoud (December 1997). "Accounting, Control and Accountability: Preliminary Evidence from Ancient Egypt". Critical Perspectives on Accounting 8 (6): 563–601. doi:10.1006/cpac.1997.0123.
# Roberts, Jennnifer T. (1982). Accountability in Athenian Government. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
# Plescia, Joseph (January 2001). "Judicial Accountability and Immunity in Roman Law". American Journal of Legal History (The American Journal of Legal History, Vol. 45, No. 1) 45 (1): 51–70. doi:10.2307/3185349.
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
==Origin==
"Accountability" stems from late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to [[calculate]]), which in turn derived from putare (to reckon). While the [[word]] itself does not appear in [[English]] until its use in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_century 13th century] Norman England, the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems that first developed in Ancient Israel, Babylon, Egypt, Greece, and later, Rome.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1794]
==Definition==
*the [[quality]] or [[state]] of being accountable; especially : an obligation or willingness to [[accept]] [[responsibility]] or to account for one's [[actions]] <[[public]] officials lacking accountability>
==Description==
'''Accountability''' is a [[concept]] in [[ethics]] and governance with several [[meanings]]. It is often used synonymously with such concepts as [[responsibility]], answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and other terms associated with the [[expectation]] of account-giving. As an aspect of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance governance], it has been central to [[discussions]] related to [[problems]] in the [[public]] sector, nonprofit and private (corporate) worlds. In [[leadership]] roles, accountability is the acknowledgment and [[assumption]] of [[responsibility]] for [[actions]], products, [[decisions]], and policies including the [[administration]], governance, and implementation within the scope of the role or employment position and encompassing the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences.
As a term related to governance, accountability has been difficult to define. It is frequently described as an account-giving [[relationship]] between [[individuals]], e.g. "A is accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B about A’s (past or [[future]]) [[actions]] and [[decisions]], to justify them, and to suffer [[punishment]] in the case of eventual misconduct". Accountability cannot exist without proper accounting practices, in other words [[absence]] of accounting means absence of accountability.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountability]
==Notes==
# Walzer, Michael (1994). "The Legal Codes of Ancient Israel". In Ian Shapiro. the Rule of Law. NY: New York University Press. pp. 101–119.
# Urch, Edwin J. (July 1929). "The Law Code of Hammurabi". American Bar Association Journal 15 (7): 437–441.
# Ezzamel, Mahmoud (December 1997). "Accounting, Control and Accountability: Preliminary Evidence from Ancient Egypt". Critical Perspectives on Accounting 8 (6): 563–601. doi:10.1006/cpac.1997.0123.
# Roberts, Jennnifer T. (1982). Accountability in Athenian Government. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
# Plescia, Joseph (January 2001). "Judicial Accountability and Immunity in Roman Law". American Journal of Legal History (The American Journal of Legal History, Vol. 45, No. 1) 45 (1): 51–70. doi:10.2307/3185349.
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
