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From Nordan Symposia
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==Origin==
Medieval Latin ''intimidatus'', past participle of ''intimidare'', from [[Latin]] in- + timidus [[timid]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1646]
==Definitions==
*1: to make [[timid]] or [[fearful]] : frighten; especially : to [[compel]] or deter by or as if by threats <tried to intimidate a [[witness]]>
==Description==
'''Intimidation''' (also called cowing) is [[intentional]] [[behavior]] "which would cause a [[person]] of ordinary sensibilities" [[fear]] of [[injury]] or harm. It's not necessary to prove that the [[behavior]] was so [[violent]] as to cause [[terror]] or that the victim was actually frightened.
[[Criminal]] threatening (or threatening behavior) is the [[crime]] of [[intentionally]] or knowingly putting another [[person]] in [[fear]] of imminent bodily [[injury]]. "Threat of harm generally involves a [[perception]] of injury...[[physical]] or [[mental]] damage...act or instance of injury, or a material and detriment or loss to a person. "A terroristic threat is a [[crime]] generally involving a threat to commit [[violence]] communicated with the intent to terrorize another."
Threatening behaviours may be conceptualized as a maladaptive outgrowth of [[normal]] [[competitive]] urge for interrelational [[dominance]] generally seen in [[animals]]. Alternatively, intimidation may result from the type of [[society]] in which [[individuals]] are [[socialized]], as [[human being]]s are generally reluctant to [[engage]] in [[confrontation]] or threaten [[violence]].
Like all [[behavioral]] [[traits]] it exists in greater or lesser [[manifestation]] in each [[individual]] [[person]] over [[time]], but may be a more significant "compensatory behavior" for some as [[opposed]] to others. Behavioral theorists often see threatening behaviours as a [[consequence]] of being threatened by others, including [[parents]], [[authority]] figures, playmates and [[siblings]]. “Use of [[force]] is [[justified]] when a [[person]] reasonably [[believes]] that it is [[necessary]] for the [[defense]] of oneself or another against the immediate use of unlawful force.”
Intimidation may be employed [[consciously]] or [[unconscious]]ly, and a percentage of people who employ it consciously may do so as the result of [[selfishly]] [[rationalized]] notions of its appropriation, utility or self-empowerment. Intimidation related to [[prejudice]] and [[discrimination]] may include conduct "which annoys, threatens, intimidates, alarms, or puts a [[person]] in [[fear]] of their [[safety]]...because of a [[belief]] or [[perception]] regarding such person's [[race]], color, [[national]] origin, [[ancestry]], [[gender]], [[religion]], religious practice, age, disability or sexual orientation, regardless of whether the belief or perception is correct."
Intimidation may be [[manifested]] in such manner as [[physical]] [[contacts]], glowering [[countenance]], emotional [[manipulation]], verbal [[abuse]], making someone feel lower than you, purposeful [[embarrassment]] and/or actual physical [[assault]]. “Behavior may include, but is not limited to, epithets, derogatory comments or slurs and lewd [[proposition]]s, [[assault]], impeding or blocking movement, [[offensive]] touching or any [[physical]] [[interference]] with [[normal]] work or movement, and visual insults, such as derogatory posters or cartoons.”
There is no [[legal]] [[definition]] in English law as to what behaviour constitutes "Intimidation", so it is up to the [[courts]] to decide on a case by case basis. However, if somebody threatens [[violence]] against somebody, then this may be a [[criminal]] [[offence]].
In most U.S. [[jurisdictions]], the [[crime]] remains a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdemeanor misdemeanor] unless a deadly [[weapon]] is involved or actual [[violence]] is committed, in which case it is usually considered a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony felony].
Criminal threatening can be the result of verbal threats of [[violence]], [[physical]] [[conduct]] (such as hand [[gestures]] or raised fists), actual physical [[contact]], or even simply the placing of a sign, an object or graffiti on the [[property]] of another person with the [[purpose]] of coercing or terrorizing.
Criminal threatening is also defined by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arson arson], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandalism vandalism], the delivery of noxious biological or chemical substances (or any substance that appears to be a [[toxic]] substance), or any other crime against the [[property]] of another [[person]] with the [[purpose]] of coercing or terrorizing any person in reckless disregard for causing [[fear]], [[terror]] or inconvenience. [[Coercion]] is the use of “pressure, threats, or intimidation” to compel or “force somebody to do something” or “make something to happen.”
"Terrorizing" generally means to cause alarm, fright, or dread in another [[person]] or inducing apprehension of [[violence]] from a [[hostile]] or threatening [[event]], [[person]] or object. “It is not requisite, in order to constitute this [[crime]], that [[personal]] [[violence]] should be committed.”
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Psychology]]
==Origin==
Medieval Latin ''intimidatus'', past participle of ''intimidare'', from [[Latin]] in- + timidus [[timid]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1646]
==Definitions==
*1: to make [[timid]] or [[fearful]] : frighten; especially : to [[compel]] or deter by or as if by threats <tried to intimidate a [[witness]]>
==Description==
'''Intimidation''' (also called cowing) is [[intentional]] [[behavior]] "which would cause a [[person]] of ordinary sensibilities" [[fear]] of [[injury]] or harm. It's not necessary to prove that the [[behavior]] was so [[violent]] as to cause [[terror]] or that the victim was actually frightened.
[[Criminal]] threatening (or threatening behavior) is the [[crime]] of [[intentionally]] or knowingly putting another [[person]] in [[fear]] of imminent bodily [[injury]]. "Threat of harm generally involves a [[perception]] of injury...[[physical]] or [[mental]] damage...act or instance of injury, or a material and detriment or loss to a person. "A terroristic threat is a [[crime]] generally involving a threat to commit [[violence]] communicated with the intent to terrorize another."
Threatening behaviours may be conceptualized as a maladaptive outgrowth of [[normal]] [[competitive]] urge for interrelational [[dominance]] generally seen in [[animals]]. Alternatively, intimidation may result from the type of [[society]] in which [[individuals]] are [[socialized]], as [[human being]]s are generally reluctant to [[engage]] in [[confrontation]] or threaten [[violence]].
Like all [[behavioral]] [[traits]] it exists in greater or lesser [[manifestation]] in each [[individual]] [[person]] over [[time]], but may be a more significant "compensatory behavior" for some as [[opposed]] to others. Behavioral theorists often see threatening behaviours as a [[consequence]] of being threatened by others, including [[parents]], [[authority]] figures, playmates and [[siblings]]. “Use of [[force]] is [[justified]] when a [[person]] reasonably [[believes]] that it is [[necessary]] for the [[defense]] of oneself or another against the immediate use of unlawful force.”
Intimidation may be employed [[consciously]] or [[unconscious]]ly, and a percentage of people who employ it consciously may do so as the result of [[selfishly]] [[rationalized]] notions of its appropriation, utility or self-empowerment. Intimidation related to [[prejudice]] and [[discrimination]] may include conduct "which annoys, threatens, intimidates, alarms, or puts a [[person]] in [[fear]] of their [[safety]]...because of a [[belief]] or [[perception]] regarding such person's [[race]], color, [[national]] origin, [[ancestry]], [[gender]], [[religion]], religious practice, age, disability or sexual orientation, regardless of whether the belief or perception is correct."
Intimidation may be [[manifested]] in such manner as [[physical]] [[contacts]], glowering [[countenance]], emotional [[manipulation]], verbal [[abuse]], making someone feel lower than you, purposeful [[embarrassment]] and/or actual physical [[assault]]. “Behavior may include, but is not limited to, epithets, derogatory comments or slurs and lewd [[proposition]]s, [[assault]], impeding or blocking movement, [[offensive]] touching or any [[physical]] [[interference]] with [[normal]] work or movement, and visual insults, such as derogatory posters or cartoons.”
There is no [[legal]] [[definition]] in English law as to what behaviour constitutes "Intimidation", so it is up to the [[courts]] to decide on a case by case basis. However, if somebody threatens [[violence]] against somebody, then this may be a [[criminal]] [[offence]].
In most U.S. [[jurisdictions]], the [[crime]] remains a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdemeanor misdemeanor] unless a deadly [[weapon]] is involved or actual [[violence]] is committed, in which case it is usually considered a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony felony].
Criminal threatening can be the result of verbal threats of [[violence]], [[physical]] [[conduct]] (such as hand [[gestures]] or raised fists), actual physical [[contact]], or even simply the placing of a sign, an object or graffiti on the [[property]] of another person with the [[purpose]] of coercing or terrorizing.
Criminal threatening is also defined by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arson arson], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandalism vandalism], the delivery of noxious biological or chemical substances (or any substance that appears to be a [[toxic]] substance), or any other crime against the [[property]] of another [[person]] with the [[purpose]] of coercing or terrorizing any person in reckless disregard for causing [[fear]], [[terror]] or inconvenience. [[Coercion]] is the use of “pressure, threats, or intimidation” to compel or “force somebody to do something” or “make something to happen.”
"Terrorizing" generally means to cause alarm, fright, or dread in another [[person]] or inducing apprehension of [[violence]] from a [[hostile]] or threatening [[event]], [[person]] or object. “It is not requisite, in order to constitute this [[crime]], that [[personal]] [[violence]] should be committed.”
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Psychology]]
