Shunning contains aspects of what is known as relational [[aggression]] in [[psychological]] literature. When used by [[church]] members and member-spouse parents against [[excommunicant]] [[parents]] it contains elements of what psychologists call parental [[alienation]]. [[Extreme]] shunning may cause [[traumas]] to the shunned (and to their dependents) similar to what is studied in the psychology of [[torture]]. | Shunning contains aspects of what is known as relational [[aggression]] in [[psychological]] literature. When used by [[church]] members and member-spouse parents against [[excommunicant]] [[parents]] it contains elements of what psychologists call parental [[alienation]]. [[Extreme]] shunning may cause [[traumas]] to the shunned (and to their dependents) similar to what is studied in the psychology of [[torture]]. |