13,094
edits
Changes
mLine 1:
Line 1: − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + − <center>For lessons on '''''Critics''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Critics this link].</center> − ==Criticism== − Criticism in terms of expectations means democratic [[judgment]] over the suitability of a subject for the intended [[purposes]], as opposed to the [[authoritarian]] command, which is meant as an [[absolute]] [[realization]] of the authority's will, thus not open for debate. Line 18:
Line 26: − + − + − + Line 30:
Line 38: − + − +
Text replacement - "http://" to "https://"
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:BodyCriticismMIT.jpg|right|frame]]
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Trompe.jpg|right|frame]]
The [[word]] '''critic''' comes from the Greek κριτικός (kritikós), "able to discern"[1], which in turn derives from the word κριτής (krités), [[meaning]] a person who offers [[reason]]ed [[judgment]] or [[analysis]], [[value]] judgment, interpretation, or observation[2]. The term can be used to describe an adherent of a position disagreeing with or opposing the object of criticism.
===Origin===
The [[word]] '''critic''' comes from the Greek κριτικός (kritikós), "able to discern", which in turn derives from the word κριτής (krités), [[meaning]] a person who offers [[reason]]ed [[judgment]] or [[analysis]], [[value]] judgment, [[interpretation]], or [[observation]]. The term can be used to [[describe]] an adherent of a position disagreeing with or opposing the object of criticism.
Modern critics include professionals or amateurs who regularly [[judge]] or interpret performances or other works (such as those of artists, scientists, musicians, or actors), and typically publish their observations, often in periodicals. Critics are numerous in certain fields, including [[art]], [[music]], [[film]], theatre or [[drama]], restaurant, and scientific publication critics.
Modern critics include professionals or amateurs who regularly [[judge]] or interpret performances or other works (such as those of artists, scientists, musicians, or actors), and typically publish their observations, often in periodicals. Critics are numerous in certain fields, including [[art]], [[music]], [[film]], theatre or [[drama]], restaurant, and scientific publication critics.
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1607]
==Definitions==
*1. The [[action]] of criticizing, or passing [[judgement]] upon the qualities or [[merit]]s of anything; esp. the passing of unfavourable judgement; fault-finding, censure.
*2. The [[art]] of estimating the qualities and [character] of literary or artistic work; the function or work of a critic.
:b. spec. The critical [[science]] which deals with the [[text]], [[character]], composition, and [[origin]] of literary documents, esp. those of the Old and New Testaments. textual criticism: that whose object is to ascertain the genuine text and meaning of an author. higher criticism: see quot. 1881.
:c. Philos. The critical [[philosophy]] of [[Kant]]. So called from its being based on a critical examination of the faculty of knowledge.
*3. (with pl.) An [[act]] of criticizing; a [[critical]] remark, comment; a critical essay, [[critique]].
*4. A nice point or distinction, a minute particular, a nicety; a subtlety; in bad sense, a quibble.
==Description==
Criticism in terms of expectations means democratic [[judgment]] over the suitability of a subject for the intended [[purposes]], as opposed to the [[authoritarian]] command, which is meant as an [[absolute]] [[realization]] of the authority's will, thus not open for debate.
Criticism is the activity of judgement or informed interpretation and, in many cases, can be synonymous with "[[analysis]]." In literary and academic [[contexts]], the term most frequently refers to [[literary criticism]], [[art criticism]], or other such fields, and to scholars' attempts to understand the [[aesthetic]] [[object]] in depth. In these contexts the term "critic," used without qualification, most frequently refers to a [[scholar of literature|Philology]] or another [[art]] form. In other contexts, the term describes hostility or disagreement with the object of criticism. Sometimes [[context]], and the contentiousness of the subject, are the only differentiating factors between these two approaches. In [[politics]], for instance (as in the phrase "criticism of U.S. foreign policy"), criticism almost exclusively refers to disagreement—while in an academic, artistic, or literary context (as in "criticism of Romantic poetry") it usually refers to the activity of subtle interpretation or analysis.
Criticism is the activity of judgement or informed interpretation and, in many cases, can be synonymous with "[[analysis]]." In literary and academic [[contexts]], the term most frequently refers to [[literary criticism]], [[art criticism]], or other such fields, and to scholars' attempts to understand the [[aesthetic]] [[object]] in depth. In these contexts the term "critic," used without qualification, most frequently refers to a [[scholar of literature|Philology]] or another [[art]] form. In other contexts, the term describes hostility or disagreement with the object of criticism. Sometimes [[context]], and the contentiousness of the subject, are the only differentiating factors between these two approaches. In [[politics]], for instance (as in the phrase "criticism of U.S. foreign policy"), criticism almost exclusively refers to disagreement—while in an academic, artistic, or literary context (as in "criticism of Romantic poetry") it usually refers to the activity of subtle interpretation or analysis.
==Constructive criticism==
==Constructive criticism==
Notable scholars of the [[Post-Structuralist]] [[tradition]] have often emphasized the self referential [[nature]] of all criticism. [[Stanley Fish]] argues that all [[interpretatio]]ns are [[subjective]] projections and have no inherent [[meaning]]; therefore, the critic undermines himself for he undermines only his own interpretation. Thus, concludes Fish, all criticism is self criticism.
Notable scholars of the [[Post-Structuralist]] [[tradition]] have often emphasized the self referential [[nature]] of all criticism. [[Stanley Fish]] argues that all [[interpretatio]]ns are [[subjective]] projections and have no inherent [[meaning]]; therefore, the critic undermines himself for he undermines only his own interpretation. Thus, concludes Fish, all criticism is self criticism.
==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
# [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2360047 Kritikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]
# [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2360047 Kritikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]
# [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2360045 Krites, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]
# [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2360045 Krites, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]
# [http://www.thecrimson.harvard.edu/article.aspx?ref=519082 The Harvard Crimson], "To be a critic is to trade transcendence in for self-awareness and proficiency—which is not to say that geniuses don’t know what they’re doing...genius involves a sort of freefall, brave, bold and fluent, that most of us aren’t capable of."
# [https://www.thecrimson.harvard.edu/article.aspx?ref=519082 The Harvard Crimson], "To be a critic is to trade transcendence in for self-awareness and proficiency—which is not to say that geniuses don’t know what they’re doing...genius involves a sort of freefall, brave, bold and fluent, that most of us aren’t capable of."
# Paul Guyer, ed (2003). Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgement: Critical Essays. Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN 0742514196.
# Paul Guyer, ed (2003). Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgement: Critical Essays. Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN 0742514196.
==See Also==
==See Also==
Textual criticism
Textual criticism
==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.citigraphics.net/jenner/djenner/archive/CritiqueAndCriticalThinking.pdf What "Critical" means in "Critical Thinking"] by Donald Jenner
* [https://www.citigraphics.net/jenner/djenner/archive/CritiqueAndCriticalThinking.pdf What "Critical" means in "Critical Thinking"] by Donald Jenner
* [http://www.HintLibrary.com HintLibrary - Send constructive critics]
* [https://www.HintLibrary.com HintLibrary - Send constructive critics]
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]