| The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within [[philosophy]] over the basis of [[knowledge]] and the validity of various absolutes. With classical certainties thought to be overthrown, and new social, economic, scientific, ethical, and logical problems, '''20th-century philosophy''' was set for a series of attempts variously to reform, preserve, alter, abolish, previously conceived limits. | | The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within [[philosophy]] over the basis of [[knowledge]] and the validity of various absolutes. With classical certainties thought to be overthrown, and new social, economic, scientific, ethical, and logical problems, '''20th-century philosophy''' was set for a series of attempts variously to reform, preserve, alter, abolish, previously conceived limits. |
| Just as profoundly, historical events such as the [[World Wars]], the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]], the near collapse of European parliamentary democracy in the 1930s and 1940s, the [[Holocaust]], the use of [[atomic weapons]] on [[Imperial Japan]], continued colonial violence, the foundation of the [[United Nations]], the elaboration of new doctrines of [[human rights]], the [[Vietnam War]], the failure of revolutionary sentiment in [[1968]], the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] and its client states, continuing inequities in global development and civil society, the resurgence of "fundamental" religious identity in [[Christian]], [[Jewish]], [[Islamic]], and [[Hindu]] contexts, and seemingly irrepressible if intermittent [[genocide|genocidal]] activity called into question many philosophical doctrines on human [[rationality]] and created ever sharper demands on [[moral philosophy|moral]], [[political philosophy]], and [[philosophy of religion]]. | | Just as profoundly, historical events such as the [[World Wars]], the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]], the near collapse of European parliamentary democracy in the 1930s and 1940s, the [[Holocaust]], the use of [[atomic weapons]] on [[Imperial Japan]], continued colonial violence, the foundation of the [[United Nations]], the elaboration of new doctrines of [[human rights]], the [[Vietnam War]], the failure of revolutionary sentiment in [[1968]], the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] and its client states, continuing inequities in global development and civil society, the resurgence of "fundamental" religious identity in [[Christian]], [[Jewish]], [[Islamic]], and [[Hindu]] contexts, and seemingly irrepressible if intermittent [[genocide|genocidal]] activity called into question many philosophical doctrines on human [[rationality]] and created ever sharper demands on [[moral philosophy|moral]], [[political philosophy]], and [[philosophy of religion]]. |