Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:12step.jpg|right|frame]] | | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:12step.jpg|right|frame]] |
| | | |
− | A '''Twelve-Step Program''' is a set of guiding [[principles]] outlining a [[course]] of [[action]] for recovery from [[addiction]], compulsion, or other [[behavioral]] [[problems]]. Originally proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous] (AA) as a [[method]] of recovery from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism alcoholism], the Twelve Steps were first published in the book ''Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism'' in 1939.[2] The [[method]] was then adapted and became the foundation of other [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups twelve-step programs]. As summarized by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological_Association American Psychological Association], the [[process]] involves the following: | + | A '''Twelve-Step Program''' is a set of guiding [[principles]] outlining a [[course]] of [[action]] for recovery from [[addiction]], compulsion, or other [[behavioral]] [[problems]]. Originally proposed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous] (AA) as a [[method]] of recovery from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism alcoholism], the Twelve Steps were first published in the book ''Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism'' in 1939.[2] The [[method]] was then adapted and became the foundation of other [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups twelve-step programs]. As summarized by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological_Association American Psychological Association], the [[process]] involves the following: |
| | | |
| *admitting that one cannot control one's addiction or compulsion; | | *admitting that one cannot control one's addiction or compulsion; |
Line 11: |
Line 11: |
| <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''12 Step Programs''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:12_Step_Programs '''''this link'''''].</center> | | <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''12 Step Programs''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:12_Step_Programs '''''this link'''''].</center> |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
− | ''Twelve-step methods'' have been adopted to address a wide range of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse substance-abuse] and dependency problems. Over 200 self-help organizations–often known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Twelve-Step_groups fellowships]—with a worldwide membership of millions—now employ twelve-step principles for recovery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotics_Anonymous Narcotics Anonymous] was formed by addicts who did not relate to the specifics of alcohol dependency. Similar [[demographic]] preferences related to the [[addicts]]' [[drug]] of choice has led to the creation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_Anonymous Cocaine Anonymous], Crystal Meth Anonymous, Pills Anonymous and Marijuana Anonymous. [[Behavioral]] issues such as compulsion for, and/or [[addiction]] to, [[gambling]], [[crime]], [[food]], [[sex]], hoarding, debting and [[work]] are addressed in fellowships such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamblers_Anonymous Gamblers Anonymous], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overeaters_Anonymous Overeaters Anonymous], Reentry Anonymous, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Compulsives_Anonymous Sexual Compulsives Anonymous], Sexaholics Anonymous Clutterers Anonymous, Debtors Anonymous and Workaholics Anonymous. Auxiliary groups such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Anon Al-Anon] and Nar-Anon, for [[friends]] and [[family]] members of alcoholics and [[addicts]], respectively, are part of a [[response]] to treating addiction as a [[disease]] that is enabled by [[family]] systems. | + | ''Twelve-step methods'' have been adopted to address a wide range of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse substance-abuse] and dependency problems. Over 200 self-help organizations–often known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Twelve-Step_groups fellowships]—with a worldwide membership of millions—now employ twelve-step principles for recovery. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotics_Anonymous Narcotics Anonymous] was formed by addicts who did not relate to the specifics of alcohol dependency. Similar [[demographic]] preferences related to the [[addicts]]' [[drug]] of choice has led to the creation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_Anonymous Cocaine Anonymous], Crystal Meth Anonymous, Pills Anonymous and Marijuana Anonymous. [[Behavioral]] issues such as compulsion for, and/or [[addiction]] to, [[gambling]], [[crime]], [[food]], [[sex]], hoarding, debting and [[work]] are addressed in fellowships such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamblers_Anonymous Gamblers Anonymous], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overeaters_Anonymous Overeaters Anonymous], Reentry Anonymous, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Compulsives_Anonymous Sexual Compulsives Anonymous], Sexaholics Anonymous Clutterers Anonymous, Debtors Anonymous and Workaholics Anonymous. Auxiliary groups such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Anon Al-Anon] and Nar-Anon, for [[friends]] and [[family]] members of alcoholics and [[addicts]], respectively, are part of a [[response]] to treating addiction as a [[disease]] that is enabled by [[family]] systems. |
| ==History== | | ==History== |
− | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Griffith_Wilson Bill Wilson] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Smith_(doctor) Dr. Bob Smith], known to AA members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob", in Akron, Ohio. They [[established]] the [[tradition]] within the "anonymous" twelve-step programs of using only first names "at the level of press, radio and film." | + | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Griffith_Wilson Bill Wilson] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Smith_(doctor) Dr. Bob Smith], known to AA members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob", in Akron, Ohio. They [[established]] the [[tradition]] within the "anonymous" twelve-step programs of using only first names "at the level of press, radio and film." |
| | | |
− | As AA was growing in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930"s 1930s] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940's 1940s], definite guiding principles began to emerge as the Twelve Traditions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Traditions#Singleness_of_purpose A Singleness of purpose] emerged as Tradition Five: "Each group has but one primary purpose -- to carry its [[message]] to the alcoholic who still suffers." Consequently, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_addicts drug addicts] who do not suffer from the specifics of alcoholism involved in AA hoping for recovery technically are not [[welcome]] in "closed" meetings unless they have a [[desire]] to stop drinking alcohol. The reason for such [[emphasis]] on alcoholism as the [[problem]] is to overcome [[denial]] and distraction. Thus the principles of AA have been used to form many numbers of other fellowships for those recovering from various [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology pathologies], each of which in turn emphasizes recovery from the specific malady which brought the sufferer into the fellowship. | + | As AA was growing in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930"s 1930s] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940's 1940s], definite guiding principles began to emerge as the Twelve Traditions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Traditions#Singleness_of_purpose A Singleness of purpose] emerged as Tradition Five: "Each group has but one primary purpose -- to carry its [[message]] to the alcoholic who still suffers." Consequently, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_addicts drug addicts] who do not suffer from the specifics of alcoholism involved in AA hoping for recovery technically are not [[welcome]] in "closed" meetings unless they have a [[desire]] to stop drinking alcohol. The reason for such [[emphasis]] on alcoholism as the [[problem]] is to overcome [[denial]] and distraction. Thus the principles of AA have been used to form many numbers of other fellowships for those recovering from various [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology pathologies], each of which in turn emphasizes recovery from the specific malady which brought the sufferer into the fellowship. |
| | | |
| In 1953 AA gave permission for Narcotics Anonymous to use its Steps and Traditions | | In 1953 AA gave permission for Narcotics Anonymous to use its Steps and Traditions |
Line 36: |
Line 36: |
| In some cases, where other twelve-step groups have adapted the AA steps as guiding principles, they have been altered to emphasize principles important to those particular fellowships, and to remove gender-biased language.[11][12][13] | | In some cases, where other twelve-step groups have adapted the AA steps as guiding principles, they have been altered to emphasize principles important to those particular fellowships, and to remove gender-biased language.[11][12][13] |
| | | |
− | Most of the alternate wordings are in Step 1 and Step 12, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Twelve_Step_alternate_wordings List of Twelve Step alternate wordings].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_step_program] | + | Most of the alternate wordings are in Step 1 and Step 12, see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Twelve_Step_alternate_wordings List of Twelve Step alternate wordings].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_step_program] |
| | | |
| [[Category: Religion]] | | [[Category: Religion]] |
| [[Category: Psychology]] | | [[Category: Psychology]] |