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− | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Sanction.jpg|right|frame]] | + | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Sanctify.jpg|right|frame]] |
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| ==Etymology== | | ==Etymology== |
| Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from [[Latin]] sanction-, sanctio, from sancire to make [[holy]] (see [[sacred]]) | | Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from [[Latin]] sanction-, sanctio, from sancire to make [[holy]] (see [[sacred]]) |
− | *Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century] | + | *Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
| *1 : a [[formal]] [[decree]]; especially : an ecclesiastical decree | | *1 : a [[formal]] [[decree]]; especially : an ecclesiastical decree |
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| *5 : an [[economic]] or military [[coercive]] measure adopted usually by several nations in concert for forcing a nation violating international [[law]] to desist or yield to [[adjudication]] | | *5 : an [[economic]] or military [[coercive]] measure adopted usually by several nations in concert for forcing a nation violating international [[law]] to desist or yield to [[adjudication]] |
| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | '''Sanctions''' are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for [[obedience]] with the [[law]], or with rules and regulations. [[Criminal]] sanctions can take the form of serious [[punishment]], such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law [[context]], sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of [[procedure]], or for abusing the [[judicial]] [[process]]. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with [[prejudice]], of a complaining party's [[cause]] of [[action]], or of the responding party's answer. This has the [[effect]] of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the [[degree]] that an [[appeal]] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_de_novo trial de novo] may be allowed because of reversible error. | + | '''Sanctions''' are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for [[obedience]] with the [[law]], or with rules and regulations. [[Criminal]] sanctions can take the form of serious [[punishment]], such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law [[context]], sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of [[procedure]], or for abusing the [[judicial]] [[process]]. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with [[prejudice]], of a complaining party's [[cause]] of [[action]], or of the responding party's answer. This has the [[effect]] of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the [[degree]] that an [[appeal]] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_de_novo trial de novo] may be allowed because of reversible error. |
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| As a noun, the term is usually used in the [[plural]], even when it refers to a single [[event]]: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions. | | As a noun, the term is usually used in the [[plural]], even when it refers to a single [[event]]: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions. |
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− | A [[judge]] may sanction a party during a [[legal]] proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courts United States federal court system], certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure]. | + | A [[judge]] may sanction a party during a [[legal]] proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courts United States federal court system], certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure]. |
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− | Conversely and to some surprisingly, the [[word]] may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such [[behavior]]" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_%28law%29] | + | Conversely and to some surprisingly, the [[word]] may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such [[behavior]]" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_%28law%29] |
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| [[Category: Law]] | | [[Category: Law]] |