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==Definition==

==Definition==

*5. fig. Stupidity, crassitude.

*5. fig. Stupidity, crassitude.

==Description==

==Description==

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ρ (the Greek letter rho).

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ρ (the Greek letter rho).

In some cases density is expressed as the dimensionless quantities specific gravity (SG) or [[relative]] density (RD), in which case it is expressed in multiples of the density of some other standard material, usually water or air/gas.

In some cases density is expressed as the dimensionless quantities specific gravity (SG) or [[relative]] density (RD), in which case it is expressed in multiples of the density of some other standard material, usually water or air/gas.

===[edit]History===

===History===

In a well-known story, Archimedes was given the task of determining whether King Hiero's goldsmith was embezzling gold during the manufacture of a wreath dedicated to the gods and replacing it with another, cheaper alloy.[1] Archimedes knew that the irregularly shaped wreath could be crushed into a cube whose volume could be calculated easily and compared with the weight; but the king did not approve of this.

In a well-known story, Archimedes was given the task of determining whether King Hiero's goldsmith was embezzling gold during the manufacture of a wreath dedicated to the gods and replacing it with another, cheaper alloy.[1] Archimedes knew that the irregularly shaped wreath could be crushed into a cube whose volume could be calculated easily and compared with the weight; but the king did not approve of this.

Baffled, Archimedes took a relaxing immersion bath and observed from the rise of the warm water upon entering that he could calculate the volume of the gold crown through the displacement of the water.  

Baffled, Archimedes took a relaxing immersion bath and observed from the rise of the warm water upon entering that he could calculate the volume of the gold crown through the displacement of the water.  

This story first appeared in written form in [[Vitruvius]]' [[books]] of [[architecture]], two centuries after it supposedly took place.[2] Some scholars have doubted the accuracy of this tale, saying among other things that the [[method]] would have required precise measurements that would have been difficult to make at the time. [3][4]

This story first appeared in written form in [[Vitruvius]]' [[books]] of [[architecture]], two centuries after it supposedly took place.[2] Some scholars have doubted the accuracy of this tale, saying among other things that the [[method]] would have required precise measurements that would have been difficult to make at the time. [3][4]

===Measurement of density===

===Measurement of density===

For a homogeneous object, the [[mass]] divided by the volume gives the density. The mass is normally measured with an appropriate scale or balance; the volume may be measured directly (from the [[geometry]] of the object) or by the displacement of a fluid. Hydrostatic weighing is a [[method]] that combines these two.

For a homogeneous object, the [[mass]] divided by the volume gives the density. The mass is normally measured with an appropriate scale or balance; the volume may be measured directly (from the [[geometry]] of the object) or by the displacement of a fluid. Hydrostatic weighing is a [[method]] that combines these two.

A very common instrument for the direct measurement of the density of a liquid is the hydrometer, which measures the volume displaced by an object of known mass. A common laboratory device for measuring fluid density is a pycnometer; a related device for measuring the absolute density of a solid is a gas pycnometer. Another instrument used to determine the density of a liquid or a gas is the digital density meter - based on the oscillating U-tube principle.

A very common instrument for the direct measurement of the density of a liquid is the hydrometer, which measures the volume displaced by an object of known mass. A common laboratory device for measuring fluid density is a pycnometer; a related device for measuring the absolute density of a solid is a gas pycnometer. Another instrument used to determine the density of a liquid or a gas is the digital density meter - based on the oscillating U-tube principle.

The density of a solid [[material]] can be ambiguous, depending on exactly how its volume is defined, and this may cause confusion in measurement. A common example is sand: if gently filled into a container, the density will be low; when the same sand is compacted into the same container, it will occupy less volume and consequently exhibit a greater density. This is because sand, like all powders and granular solids contains a lot of air [[space]] in between [[individual]] grains; this overall density is called the bulk density, which differs significantly from the density of an individual grain of sand.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density]

The density of a solid [[material]] can be ambiguous, depending on exactly how its volume is defined, and this may cause confusion in measurement. A common example is sand: if gently filled into a container, the density will be low; when the same sand is compacted into the same container, it will occupy less volume and consequently exhibit a greater density. This is because sand, like all powders and granular solids contains a lot of air [[space]] in between [[individual]] grains; this overall density is called the bulk density, which differs significantly from the density of an individual grain of sand.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density]

===References===

===References===

# Nuclear Size and Density, HyperPhysics, Georgia State University. Accessed on line June 26, 2009.

# Nuclear Size and Density, HyperPhysics, Georgia State University. Accessed on line June 26, 2009.

===External links===

===External links===

*[http://glassproperties.com/density/room-temperature/ Glass Density Calculation - Calculation of the density of glass at room temperature and of glass melts at 1000 - 1400°C]

*[https://glassproperties.com/density/room-temperature/ Glass Density Calculation - Calculation of the density of glass at room temperature and of glass melts at 1000 - 1400°C]

*[http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Density List of Elements of the Periodic Table - Sorted by Density]

*[https://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Density List of Elements of the Periodic Table - Sorted by Density]

*[http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR105DensityCalculation/DIPPR105CalculationCGI.exe Calculation of saturated liquid densities for some components]

*[https://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR105DensityCalculation/DIPPR105CalculationCGI.exe Calculation of saturated liquid densities for some components]

*[http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html Water - Density and Specific Weight]

*[https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html Water - Density and Specific Weight]

*[http://www.sengpielaudio.com/ConvDensi.htm Temperature dependence of the density of water - Conversions of density units]

*[https://www.sengpielaudio.com/ConvDensi.htm Temperature dependence of the density of water - Conversions of density units]

==Esotericism==

==Esotericism==

In esoteric [[cosmology]], a [[plane]], other than the [[physical]] plane is conceived as a subtle [[state]] of [[consciousness]] that transcends the known physical [[universe]].

In esoteric [[cosmology]], a [[plane]], other than the [[physical]] plane is conceived as a subtle [[state]] of [[consciousness]] that transcends the known physical [[universe]].

# Heindel, Max, The Rosicrucian Mysteries (Chapter III: The Visible and the Invisible Worlds), 1911, ISBN 0-911274-86-3

# Heindel, Max, The Rosicrucian Mysteries (Chapter III: The Visible and the Invisible Worlds), 1911, ISBN 0-911274-86-3

# H.P. Blavatsky, The Secret Doctrine, Theosophical Publishing House, 1888

# H.P. Blavatsky, The Secret Doctrine, Theosophical Publishing House, 1888

==External links (Planes' diagrams)==

==External links (Planes' diagrams)==

* [http://www.veda.harekrsna.cz/planetarium/index.htm#15 Vedic cosmology - planetarium]

* [https://www.veda.harekrsna.cz/planetarium/index.htm#15 Vedic cosmology - planetarium]

* [http://www.spiritualresearchfoundation.org/spiritualresearch/spiritualscience/afterdeath/#2 Planes of Existence] - Spiritual Science Research Foundation

* [https://www.spiritualresearchfoundation.org/spiritualresearch/spiritualscience/afterdeath/#2 Planes of Existence] - Spiritual Science Research Foundation

* [http://www.kheper.net/integral/planes.html Planes of Existence] - Kheper website

* [https://www.kheper.net/integral/planes.html Planes of Existence] - Kheper website

* [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/loka.html The Thirty-one Planes of Existence] - according to [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] cosmology

* [https://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/loka.html The Thirty-one Planes of Existence] - according to [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] cosmology

* [http://spirits_quest.tripod.com/Genesis.htm Genesis, Planes of Creation, Positive & Negative Powers] - cosmology according to [[Radhasoami]]/[[Sant Mat]] teachings

* [https://spirits_quest.tripod.com/Genesis.htm Genesis, Planes of Creation, Positive & Negative Powers] - cosmology according to [[Radhasoami]]/[[Sant Mat]] teachings

* [http://www.santji.allegre.ca/planes-640.jpg “The Grand Scheme of All Creation”] - part of the [http://www.santji.allegre.ca/ Sant Ajaib Singh Ji Memorial Site] (a small Radhasoami cosmological diagram)

* [https://www.santji.allegre.ca/planes-640.jpg “The Grand Scheme of All Creation”] - part of the [https://www.santji.allegre.ca/ Sant Ajaib Singh Ji Memorial Site] (a small Radhasoami cosmological diagram)

* [http://www.geocities.com/santmat_mystic/ChartPlanes.jpg The creation according to Sant Mat]

* [https://www.geocities.com/santmat_mystic/ChartPlanes.jpg The creation according to Sant Mat]

* [http://www.geocities.com/santmat_mystic/Cat.pdf The inner planes of creation] (pdf) - a [[Surat Shabd Yoga]]/Sant Mat diagram

* [https://www.geocities.com/santmat_mystic/Cat.pdf The inner planes of creation] (pdf) - a [[Surat Shabd Yoga]]/Sant Mat diagram

* [http://www.mudrashram.com/GCC2.html The Great Continuum Of Consciousness] according to [[George A. Boyd]]

* [https://www.mudrashram.com/GCC2.html The Great Continuum Of Consciousness] according to [[George A. Boyd]]

* [http://www.rosicrucian.com/images/rccen001.gif The Material World a Reverse Reflection of the Spiritual Worlds] according to [[The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception|Rosicrucian cosmology]]:  

* [https://www.rosicrucian.com/images/rccen001.gif The Material World a Reverse Reflection of the Spiritual Worlds] according to [[The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception|Rosicrucian cosmology]]:  

** [http://www.rosicrucian.com/images/rccen002.gif The Seven Worlds]  

** [https://www.rosicrucian.com/images/rccen002.gif The Seven Worlds]  

** [http://www.rosicrucian.com/images/rccen006.gif The Supreme Being, The Cosmic Planes and God]

** [https://www.rosicrucian.com/images/rccen006.gif The Supreme Being, The Cosmic Planes and God]

* [http://new-ecopsychology.org/en/books/ecopsychology/eco-3.htm  Multidimensionality of the Universe] - based on the philosophy of [[Vladimir Antonov (scientist)|Vladimir Antonov]]

* [https://new-ecopsychology.org/en/books/ecopsychology/eco-3.htm  Multidimensionality of the Universe] - based on the philosophy of [[Vladimir Antonov (scientist)|Vladimir Antonov]]

[[Category: Physics]]

[[Category: Physics]]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Cosmology]]

[[Category: Cosmology]]