Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] dialetik, from Anglo-French dialetiqe, from [[Latin]] dialectica, from [[Greek]] dialektikē, from [[feminine]] of dialektikos of [[conversation]], from dialektos

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] dialetik, from Anglo-French dialetiqe, from [[Latin]] dialectica, from [[Greek]] dialektikē, from [[feminine]] of dialektikos of [[conversation]], from dialektos

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: logic 1a(1)

*1: [[logic]]

*2a : discussion and reasoning by dialogue as a method of intellectual investigation; specifically : the Socratic techniques of exposing false beliefs and eliciting truth  

*2a : [[discussion]] and [[reasoning]] by [[dialogue]] as a [[method]] of [[intellectual]] [[investigation]]; specifically : the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method Socratic techniques] of [[exposing]] [[false]] [[beliefs]] and eliciting [[truth]]

:b : the Platonic investigation of the eternal ideas

:b : the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Platonic] [[investigation]] of the [[eternal]] [[ideas]]

*3: the logic of fallacy

*3: the [[logic]] of [[fallacy]]

*4a : the Hegelian process of change in which a concept or its realization passes over into and is preserved and fulfilled by its opposite; also : the critical investigation of this process  

*4a : the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Hegelian_dialectic Hegelian process] of [[change]] in which a [[concept]] or its [[realization]] passes over into and is preserved and fulfilled by its [[opposite]]; also : the [[critical]] [[investigation]] of this [[process]]

:b (1) usually plural but singular or plural in construction : development through the stages of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis in accordance with the laws of dialectical materialism (2) : the investigation of this process (3) : the theoretical application of this process especially in the social sciences

:b (1) usually plural but singular or plural in construction : development through the [[stages]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis,_antithesis,_synthesis thesis], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis,_antithesis,_synthesis antithesis], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis,_antithesis,_synthesis synthesis] in [[accordance]] with the [[laws]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism dialectical materialism] (2) : the [[investigation]] of this [[process]] (3) : the [[theoretical]] [[application]] of this [[process]] especially in the [[social sciences]]

*5: usually plural but singular or plural in construction a : any systematic reasoning, exposition, or argument that juxtaposes opposed or contradictory ideas and usually seeks to resolve their conflict b : an intellectual exchange of ideas

*5: usually plural but singular or plural in construction a : any [[systematic]] [[reasoning]], exposition, or [[argument]] that [[juxtaposes]] [[opposed]] or [[contradictory]] [[ideas]] and usually seeks to resolve their [[conflict]]

*6: the dialectical tension or opposition between two interacting forces or elements  

:b : an [[intellectual]] [[exchange]] of [[ideas]]

*6: the dialectical [[tension]] or [[opposition]] between two [[interacting]] [[forces]] or elements

 

==Description==

==Description==

'''Dialectic''' (also dialectics and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Principles ''dialectical method'']) is a [[method]] of [[argument]] for resolving disagreement that is central to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Philosophy Indic] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Philosophy European philosophy], since antiquity. The [[word]] ''dialectic'' originated in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece], and was made popular by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_dialogues Socratic dialogues]. The dialectical method is [[dialogue]] between [[two]], or among more, people holding [[different]] [[points of view]] about a subject, who wish to [[establish]] the [[truth]] of the matter by [[dialogue]], with reasoned [[arguments]]. Dialectics is [[different]] from [[debate]], wherein the debaters are [[committed]] to their [[points of view]], and mean to win the [[debate]], either by [[persuading]] the opponent, proving their [[argument]] correct, or proving the opponent's argument incorrect — thus, either a [[judge]] or a [[jury]] must decide who wins the [[debate]]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Principles dialectical method] is [[different]] from [[rhetoric]], wherein the speaker's [[oratory]] [[appeals]] to either [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos logos], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathos pathos], or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethos ethos]; thus, [[rhetorical]] [[speech]] means to [[persuade]] the [[listeners]] (auditors) to take the side of the [[argument]] presented.

'''Dialectic''' (also dialectics and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Principles ''dialectical method'']) is a [[method]] of [[argument]] for resolving disagreement that is central to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Philosophy Indic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Philosophy European philosophy], since antiquity. The [[word]] ''dialectic'' originated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece], and was made popular by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato Plato] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_dialogues Socratic dialogues]. The dialectical method is [[dialogue]] between [[two]], or among more, people holding [[different]] [[points of view]] about a subject, who wish to [[establish]] the [[truth]] of the matter by [[dialogue]], with reasoned [[arguments]]. Dialectics is [[different]] from [[debate]], wherein the debaters are [[committed]] to their [[points of view]], and mean to win the [[debate]], either by [[persuading]] the opponent, proving their [[argument]] correct, or proving the opponent's argument incorrect — thus, either a [[judge]] or a [[jury]] must decide who wins the [[debate]]. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Principles dialectical method] is [[different]] from [[rhetoric]], wherein the speaker's [[oratory]] [[appeals]] to either [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos logos], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathos pathos], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethos ethos]; thus, [[rhetorical]] [[speech]] means to [[persuade]] the [[listeners]] (auditors) to take the side of the [[argument]] presented.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] taught [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete arête] ([[Greek]]: ἀρετή, [[quality]], excellence) as the highest [[value]], and the determinant of one's [[actions]] in life. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] taught artistic [[quality]] in [[oratory]] ([[motivation]] via [[speech]]) as a [[manner]] of [[demonstrating]] one's ''arête''. [[Oratory]] was taught as an [[art]] form, used to please and to [[influence]] other people via [[excellent]] [[speech]]; nonetheless, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] taught the [[pupil]] to seek ''arête'' in all endeavours, not solely in [[oratory]].

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] taught [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete arête] ([[Greek]]: ἀρετή, [[quality]], excellence) as the highest [[value]], and the determinant of one's [[actions]] in life. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] taught artistic [[quality]] in [[oratory]] ([[motivation]] via [[speech]]) as a [[manner]] of [[demonstrating]] one's ''arête''. [[Oratory]] was taught as an [[art]] form, used to please and to [[influence]] other people via [[excellent]] [[speech]]; nonetheless, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] taught the [[pupil]] to seek ''arête'' in all endeavours, not solely in [[oratory]].

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates Socrates] favoured [[truth]] as the highest [[value]], [[proposing]] that it could be [[discovered]] through [[reason]] and [[logic]] in [[discussion]]: ergo, ''dialectic''. Socrates valued [[rationality]] ([[appealing]] to [[logic]], not [[emotion]]) as the proper means for [[persuasion]], the [[discovery]] of [[truth]], and the determinant for one's [[actions]]. To [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates Socrates], [[truth]], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete ''arête''], was the greater [[good]], and that each [[person]] should, above all else, seek [[truth]] to guide one's life. Therefore, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates Socrates] [[opposed]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] and their teaching of [[rhetoric]] as [[art]] and as [[emotional]] oratory requiring neither [[logic]] nor [[proof]]. Different forms of dialectical reasoning emerged from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_India Indosphere] (Greater India) and in [[the West]] (Europe), and throughout [[history]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method Socratic method], Hindu, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upaya Buddhist], Medieval, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Hegelian_dialectic Hegelian dialectics], Marxist, Talmudic, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy Neo-orthodoxy].

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates Socrates] favoured [[truth]] as the highest [[value]], [[proposing]] that it could be [[discovered]] through [[reason]] and [[logic]] in [[discussion]]: ergo, ''dialectic''. Socrates valued [[rationality]] ([[appealing]] to [[logic]], not [[emotion]]) as the proper means for [[persuasion]], the [[discovery]] of [[truth]], and the determinant for one's [[actions]]. To [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates Socrates], [[truth]], not [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arete ''arête''], was the greater [[good]], and that each [[person]] should, above all else, seek [[truth]] to guide one's life. Therefore, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates Socrates] [[opposed]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophism Sophists] and their teaching of [[rhetoric]] as [[art]] and as [[emotional]] oratory requiring neither [[logic]] nor [[proof]]. Different forms of dialectical reasoning emerged from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_India Indosphere] (Greater India) and in [[the West]] (Europe), and throughout [[history]]; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method Socratic method], Hindu, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upaya Buddhist], Medieval, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Hegelian_dialectic Hegelian dialectics], Marxist, Talmudic, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy Neo-orthodoxy].

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]