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Line 1: − <center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''Euthanasia''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Euthanasia this link].</center> + + + − *2. The means of bringing about a gentle and easy death. Also transf. and fig.+ + + − *3. In recent use: The [[action]] of inducing a gentle and easy [[death]]. Used esp. with reference to a proposal that the [[law]] should sanction the putting painlessly to death of those suffering from incurable and extremely painful diseases. Line 29:
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==Defiinition==
==Defiinition==
*1. A gentle and easy [[death]].
*1. A gentle and easy [[death]].
*2. The means of bringing about a gentle and easy death. Also transf. and fig.
*3. In recent use: The [[action]] of inducing a gentle and easy [[death]]. Used esp. with reference to a proposal that the [[law]] should sanction the putting painlessly to death of those suffering from incurable and extremely painful diseases.
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<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''Euthanasia''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Euthanasia this link].</center>
==Description==
==Description==
'''Euthanasia''' (from the Greek ευθανασία meaning "good death": ευ-, eu- (well or good) + θάνατος, thanatos (death)) refers to the [[practice]] of ending a life in a painless [[manner]]. Many different forms of euthanasia can be distinguished, including animal euthanasia and human euthanasia, and within the latter, voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have been the [[focus]] of great controversy in recent years.
'''Euthanasia''' (from the Greek ευθανασία meaning "good death": ευ-, eu- (well or good) + θάνατος, thanatos (death)) refers to the [[practice]] of ending a life in a painless [[manner]]. Many different forms of euthanasia can be distinguished, including animal euthanasia and human euthanasia, and within the latter, voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have been the [[focus]] of great controversy in recent years.
Euthanasia societies[which?] were formed in England in 1935 and in the USA in 1938 to promote euthanasia. Although euthanasia legislation did not pass in the USA or England, in 1937, doctor-assisted euthanasia was declared legal in Switzerland as long as the doctor ending the life had nothing to gain.[11][19] During this same era, US courts tackled cases involving critically ill people who requested physician assistance in dying as well as “mercy killings”, such as by parents of their severely disabled children.
Euthanasia societies[which?] were formed in England in 1935 and in the USA in 1938 to promote euthanasia. Although euthanasia legislation did not pass in the USA or England, in 1937, doctor-assisted euthanasia was declared legal in Switzerland as long as the doctor ending the life had nothing to gain.[11][19] During this same era, US courts tackled cases involving critically ill people who requested physician assistance in dying as well as “mercy killings”, such as by parents of their severely disabled children.
==Quote==
==Quote==
The new [[function]] of [[pleasure]] lures--this introduces a new factor into racial survival; ancient man exposed undesired children to die; moderns refuse to bear them.[http://www.urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=http://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper84.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper84.html&line=150#mfs]
The new [[function]] of [[pleasure]] lures--this introduces a new factor into racial survival; ancient man exposed undesired children to die; moderns refuse to bear them.[https://www.urantia.org/cgi-bin/webglimpse/mfs/usr/local/www/data/papers?link=https://mercy.urantia.org/papers/paper84.html&file=/usr/local/www/data/papers/paper84.html&line=150#mfs]
==References==
===Neutral===
*Battin, Margaret P., Rhodes, Rosamond, and Silvers, Anita, eds. Physician assisted suicide: expanding the debate. NY: Routledge, 1998.
* Emanuel, Ezekiel J. 2004. "The history of euthanasia debates in the United States and Britain" in Death and dying: a reader, edited by T. A. # Shannon. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
* Dennis J. Horan, David Mall, eds. (1977). Death, dying, and euthanasia. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America. ISBN 0-89093-139-9.
* Kopelman, Loretta M., deVille, Kenneth A., eds. Physician-assisted suicide: What are the issues? Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. (E.g., Engelhardt on secular bioethics)
* Magnusson, Roger S. “The sanctity of life and the right to die: social and jurisprudential aspects of the euthanasia debate in Australia and the United States” in Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal (6:1), January 1997.
* Palmer, “Dr. Adams’ Trial for Murder” in The Criminal Law Review. (Reporting on R. v. Adams with Devlin J. at 375f.) 365-377, 1957.
* Paterson, Craig, "A History of Ideas Concerning Suicide, Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia" (2005). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1029229
* PCSEPMBBR, United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1983. Deciding to forego life-sustaining treatment: a report on the ethical, medical, and legal issues in treatment decisions. Washington, DC: President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research: For sale by the Supt. of Docs. U.S. G.P.O.
* Robertson, John. 1977. Involuntary euthanasia of defective newborns: a legal analysis. In Death, dying, and euthanasia, edited by D. J. Horan and D. Mall. Washington: University Publications of America. Original edition, Stanford Law Review 27 (1975) 213-269.
* Stone, T. Howard, and Winslade, William J. “Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in the United States” in Journal of Legal Medicine (16:481-507), December 1995.
===Viewpoints===
* Giorgio Agamben; translated by Daniel Heller-Roazen (1998). Homo sacer: sovereign power and bare life. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3218-3.
* Raphael Cohen-Almagor (2001). The right to die with dignity: an argument in ethics, medicine, and law. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2986-7.
* Appel, Jacob. 2007. A Suicide Right for the Mentally Ill? A Swiss Case Opens a New Debate. Hastings Center Report, Vol. 37, No. 3.
* Dworkin, R. M. Life's Dominion: An Argument About Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom. New York: Knopf, 1993.
* Fletcher, Joseph F. 1954. Morals and medicine; the moral problems of: the patient's right to know the truth, contraception, artificial insemination, sterilization, euthanasia. Princeton, N.J.K.: Princeton University Press.
* Derek Humphry, Ann Wickett (1986). The right to die: understanding euthanasia. San Francisco: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015578-7.
* Kamisar, Yale. 1977. Some non-religious views against proposed 'mercy-killing' legislation. In Death, dying, and euthanasia, edited by D. J. * Horan and D. Mall. Washington: University Publications of America. Original edition, Minnesota Law Review 42:6 (May 1958).
* Kelly, Gerald. “The duty of using artificial means of preserving life” in Theological Studies (11:203-220), 1950.
* Panicola, Michael. 2004. Catholic teaching on prolonging life: setting the record straight. In Death and dying: a reader, edited by T. A. * Shannon. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
* Paterson, Craig. Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: An Natural Law Ethics Approach. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2008.
* Rachels, James. The End of Life: Euthanasia and Morality. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
* Sacred congregation for the doctrine of the faith. 1980. The declaration on euthanasia. Vatican City: The Vatican.
* Tassano, Fabian. The Power of Life or Death: Medical Coercion and the Euthanasia Debate. Foreword by Thomas Szasz, MD. London: Duckworth, 1995. Oxford: Oxford Forum, 1999.
==Notes==
# Euthanasia and the law
# Luxembourg says 'yes' to euthanasia
# พระราชบัญญัติสุขภาพแห่งชาติ พ.ศ. 2550. (2550, 19 มีนาคม). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, (เล่ม 124, ตอนที่ 16 ก).
# Oregon’s Death with Dignity law and Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Factual Disputes
# See Washington Initiative 1000, which passed on 4 November 2008.
# https://www.springerlink.com/content/n0a66j00l1mnnlju/ Assisted suicide bordering on active euthanasia, International Journal of Legal Medicine, Volume 117, Number 2 / April, 2003
# "FAQs about Death with Dignity". www.oregon.gov. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
# https://www.amsa.org/dd/prnh.cfm Patient Refusal of Nutrition and Hydration: Walking the Ever-Finer Line
# Harvath TA. Voluntary refusal of food and fluids: attitudes of Oregon hospice nurses and social workers. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2004 May;10(5):236-41
# "Glossary." CCAC Programs. 2005. Canadian Council on Animal Care. 13 July 2007 (https://www.ccac.ca/en/CCAC_Programs/ETCC/GlossaryEng.htm).
# History of Euthanasia
# https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/euthanasia-voluntary/ An overview of voluntary euthanasia
# See Senicide
# See Humphry and Wickett (1986:8-10) on More, Montaigne, Donne, and Bacon.
# History of Euthanasia (PowerPoint presentation), Euthanasia.com. "The earliest American statute explicitly to outlaw assisting suicide was enacted in New York in 1828, Act of December 10, 1828, ch. 20, §4, 1828 N. Y. Laws 19 (codified at 2 N. Y. Rev. Stat. pt. 4, ch. 1, tit. 2, art. 1, §7, p. 661 (1829)), and many of the new States and Territories followed New York's example. Marzen 73-74." Retrieved June 16, 2007.
# Humphry and Wickett 1986:11-12, Emanuel 2004.
# Appel, Jacob M. "A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die." Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 78.3 (October 2004): 610-634.
# Dowbiggin, Ian. A Merciful End: The Euthanasia Movement in Modern America. OUP. ISBN 0195154436.
# euthanasia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
# Friedlander, Henry (1997). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. UNC Press. pp. xi. ISBN 0807846759.
[[Category: Health]]
[[Category: Health]]
[[Category: Law]]
[[Category: Law]]
