Line 29: |
Line 29: |
| When feedback modifies an [[event]]/[[phenomenon]], the modification will subsequently influence the feedback signal in one of three ways: | | When feedback modifies an [[event]]/[[phenomenon]], the modification will subsequently influence the feedback signal in one of three ways: |
| | | |
− | *1 - the feedback signal increases, leading to more modification. This is known as posithttp://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/skins/common/images/button_link.png[[Link title]]ive feedback. | + | *1 - the feedback signal increases, leading to more modification. This is known as posithttps://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/skins/common/images/button_link.png[[Link title]]ive feedback. |
| *2 - the feedback signal decreases, leading to less modification. This is known as negative feedback. | | *2 - the feedback signal decreases, leading to less modification. This is known as negative feedback. |
| *3 - the feedback signal does not change, indicating the phenomenon is in equilibrium. | | *3 - the feedback signal does not change, indicating the phenomenon is in equilibrium. |
Line 41: |
Line 41: |
| The terms negative and positive feedback can be used loosely or colloquially to describe or imply [[criticism]] and [[praise]], respectively. This may lead to confusion with the more technically accurate terms positive and negative reinforcement, which refer to something that changes the likelihood of a future [[behaviour]]. | | The terms negative and positive feedback can be used loosely or colloquially to describe or imply [[criticism]] and [[praise]], respectively. This may lead to confusion with the more technically accurate terms positive and negative reinforcement, which refer to something that changes the likelihood of a future [[behaviour]]. |
| | | |
− | Negative feedback was applied by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Stephen_Black Harold Stephen Black] to electrical amplifiers in 1927, but he could not get his idea patented until 1937.[2] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Rosenblueth Arturo Rosenblueth], a Mexican researcher and physician, co-authored a seminal 1943 paper ''Behavior, Purpose and Teleology''[3] that, according to Norbert Wiener (another co-author of the paper), set the basis for the new science cybernetics. Rosenblueth proposed that behaviour controlled by negative feedback, whether in [[animal]], or [[machine]], was a determinative, directive principle in [[nature]] and human [[creations]].[citation needed]. This kind of feedback is studied in cybernetics and control theory.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback] | + | Negative feedback was applied by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Stephen_Black Harold Stephen Black] to electrical amplifiers in 1927, but he could not get his idea patented until 1937.[2] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Rosenblueth Arturo Rosenblueth], a Mexican researcher and physician, co-authored a seminal 1943 paper ''Behavior, Purpose and Teleology''[3] that, according to Norbert Wiener (another co-author of the paper), set the basis for the new science cybernetics. Rosenblueth proposed that behaviour controlled by negative feedback, whether in [[animal]], or [[machine]], was a determinative, directive principle in [[nature]] and human [[creations]].[citation needed]. This kind of feedback is studied in cybernetics and control theory.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback] |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| # Peter M. Senge (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday. pp. 424. ISBN 0-385-260-946. | | # Peter M. Senge (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday. pp. 424. ISBN 0-385-260-946. |