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[[Image:lighterstill.jpg]][[Image:Informationsciencesoc.jpg|right|frame]]
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'''Library Science''' is an interdisciplinary science incorporating the humanities, law and applied science to study topics related to libraries, the collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of information resources, and the political economy of information. Historically, library science has also included archival science. "The distinction between a library and an archive is relatively modern". This includes how information resources are organized to serve the needs of select user groups, how people interact with classification systems and technology, how information is acquired, evaluated and applied by people in and outside of libraries as well as cross-culturally, how people are trained and educated for careers in libraries, the ethics that guide library service and organization, the legal status of libraries and information resources, and the applied science of computer technology used in documentation and records management.
'''Library Science''' is an interdisciplinary [[science]] incorporating the [[humanities]], [[law]] and applied science to study topics related to libraries, the collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of [[information]] resources, and the political economy of information. Historically, library science has also included archival science. "The distinction between a library and an archive is relatively modern". This includes how information resources are organized to serve the needs of select user groups, how people interact with classification systems and technology, how information is acquired, evaluated and applied by people in and outside of libraries as well as cross-culturally, how people are trained and educated for careers in libraries, the [[ethics]] that guide library service and organization, the legal status of libraries and information resources, and the applied science of computer technology used in documentation and records management.
Academic courses in library science typically include Collection management, Information Systems and Technology, Cataloging and classification, Preservation, Reference, Statistics and Management. Library science is constantly evolving, incorporating new topics like Database Management, Information Architecture and Knowledge Management, for example.
Academic courses in library science typically include Collection management, Information Systems and Technology, Cataloging and classification, Preservation, Reference, Statistics and Management. Library science is constantly evolving, incorporating new topics like Database Management, Information Architecture and Knowledge Management, for example.
There is no generally agreed distinction between library science, library and information science, and librarianship. To a certain extent they can be considered equivalent terms, perhaps adopted to increase the "science" aspect, or improve the popular image of librarians. The term library and information science (LIS) is sometimes used; most librarians consider it as only a terminological variation, intended to emphasize the scientific and technical foundations of the subject, and its relationship with information science. LIS should not be confused with information theory, the mathematical study of the concept of information, or [[information science]], a field related to computer science and cognitive science.
There is no generally agreed distinction between library science, library and information science, and librarianship. To a certain extent they can be considered equivalent terms, perhaps adopted to increase the "science" aspect, or improve the popular image of librarians. The term library and information science (LIS) is sometimes used; most librarians consider it as only a terminological variation, intended to emphasize the scientific and technical foundations of the subject, and its relationship with information science. LIS should not be confused with [[information theory]], the mathematical study of the [[concept]] of information, or [[information science]], a field related to computer science and [[cognitive science]].
==History==
==History==
Library and information science, it may be argued, began with the first effort to organize a collection of information and provide access to that information.
Library and information science, it may be argued, began with the first effort to organize a collection of information and provide access to that information.
==Employment outlook and opportunities==
==Employment outlook and opportunities==
According to U''.S. News & World Report'', library and information science ranks as one of the "Best Careers of 2008."<ref>Best Careers. ''U.S. News & World Report'' http://www.usnews.com/features/business/best-careers/best-careers-2008.html</ref> The median annual salary for 2007 is reported as $51,400 USD in the United States,<ref name="usnews.com">[http://www.usnews.com/articles/business/best-careers/2007/12/19/librarian-executive-summary.html Librarian: Executive Summary - US News and World Report<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> with additional salary breakdowns available by metropolitan area, with San Francisco coming in the highest with an average salary of $64,400 and Philadelphia the lowest at $48,200.<ref name="usnews.com"/> This is up from the median salaries in 2006 as $49,060 reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The increase can basically be attributed to keeping pace with inflation. A $49,060 salary in 2006 was adjusted to $50,457.33,<ref>BLS Inflation Calculator http://www.bls.gov/cpi/</ref> and while data is not yet posted for 2008, adding the same rate of inflationary increase for 2008 (1.028%) one could project an inflationary salary adjustment as $51,894.46 for the 2008 fiscal year.<ref>[http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#earnings Librarians<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In December of 2007, the BLS projected growth for the field at "4 percent between 2006 and 2016", which is "slower than the average for all occupations", because, its authors assert, "As electronic resources become more common and patrons and support staff become more familiar with their use, fewer librarians are needed to maintain and assist users with these resources."<ref>[http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#outlook Librarians<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
According to U''.S. News & World Report'', library and information science ranks as one of the "Best Careers of 2008."<ref>Best Careers. ''U.S. News & World Report'' https://www.usnews.com/features/business/best-careers/best-careers-2008.html</ref> The median annual salary for 2007 is reported as $51,400 USD in the United States,<ref name="usnews.com">[https://www.usnews.com/articles/business/best-careers/2007/12/19/librarian-executive-summary.html Librarian: Executive Summary - US News and World Report<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> with additional salary breakdowns available by metropolitan area, with San Francisco coming in the highest with an average salary of $64,400 and Philadelphia the lowest at $48,200.<ref name="usnews.com"/> This is up from the median salaries in 2006 as $49,060 reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The increase can basically be attributed to keeping pace with inflation. A $49,060 salary in 2006 was adjusted to $50,457.33,<ref>BLS Inflation Calculator https://www.bls.gov/cpi/</ref> and while data is not yet posted for 2008, adding the same rate of inflationary increase for 2008 (1.028%) one could project an inflationary salary adjustment as $51,894.46 for the 2008 fiscal year.<ref>[https://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#earnings Librarians<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In December of 2007, the BLS projected growth for the field at "4 percent between 2006 and 2016", which is "slower than the average for all occupations", because, its authors assert, "As electronic resources become more common and patrons and support staff become more familiar with their use, fewer librarians are needed to maintain and assist users with these resources."<ref>[https://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#outlook Librarians<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Subdisciplines==
==Subdisciplines==
Powell's widely used introductory textbook does not make a formal distinction, but its bibliography uses the word '''librarianship''' as the heading for articles about the library profession.
Powell's widely used introductory textbook does not make a formal distinction, but its bibliography uses the word '''librarianship''' as the heading for articles about the library profession.
Library science is very closely related to issues of ''knowledge organization'', however the latter is a broader term which covers how knowledge is represented and stored (computer science/linguistics), how it might be automatically processed (artificial intelligence), and how it is organized outside the library in global systems such as the internet. In addition, Library science typically refers to a specific community engaged in managing holdings as they are found in university and government libraries, while knowledge organization in general refers to this and also to other communities (such as publishers) and other systems (such as the internet). The Library system is thus one socio-technical structure for ''knowledge organization'' <ref>R. Hoetzlein. The Organization of Human Knowledge: Systems for Interdisciplinary Research. 2007. Available at: http://www.rchoetzlein.com/quanta</ref>
Library science is very closely related to issues of ''knowledge organization'', however the latter is a broader term which covers how knowledge is represented and stored (computer science/linguistics), how it might be automatically processed (artificial intelligence), and how it is organized outside the library in global systems such as the internet. In addition, Library science typically refers to a specific community engaged in managing holdings as they are found in university and government libraries, while knowledge organization in general refers to this and also to other communities (such as publishers) and other systems (such as the internet). The Library system is thus one socio-technical structure for ''knowledge organization'' <ref>R. Hoetzlein. The Organization of Human Knowledge: Systems for Interdisciplinary Research. 2007. Available at: https://www.rchoetzlein.com/quanta</ref>
==Technical handbooks and guides==
==Technical handbooks and guides==
* [http://archivopedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Technical_Handbooks_and_Guides List of Technical Handbooks and Guides for Librarians]
* [https://archivopedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Technical_Handbooks_and_Guides List of Technical Handbooks and Guides for Librarians]
* [http://archivopedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=E-books E-books for librarians and archivists]
* [https://archivopedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=E-books E-books for librarians and archivists]
* The Oxford Guide to Library Research (2005) - ISBN 0195189981
* The Oxford Guide to Library Research (2005) - ISBN 0195189981
==Notes==
==Notes==
#Harris, Michael H. History of Libraries in the Western World. 4th ed. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 1995. 3 - "The distinction between a library and an archive is relatively modern"
#Harris, Michael H. History of Libraries in the Western World. 4th ed. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 1995. 3 - "The distinction between a library and an archive is relatively modern"
#Martin Schrettinger (1803): Versuch eines volltsändigen Lehrbuches der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft. Munich
#Martin Schrettinger (1803): Versuch eines volltsändigen Lehrbuches der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft. Munich
#Best Careers. U.S. News & World Report http://www.usnews.com/features/business/best-careers/best-careers-2008.html
#Best Careers. U.S. News & World Report https://www.usnews.com/features/business/best-careers/best-careers-2008.html
#[http://www.usnews.com/articles/business/best-careers/2007/12/19/librarian-executive-summary.html Librarian: Executive Summary - US News and World Report]
#[https://www.usnews.com/articles/business/best-careers/2007/12/19/librarian-executive-summary.html Librarian: Executive Summary - US News and World Report]
#BLS Inflation Calculator http://www.bls.gov/cpi/
#BLS Inflation Calculator https://www.bls.gov/cpi/
#[http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#earnings Librarians]
#[https://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#earnings Librarians]
#[http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#outlook Librarians]
#[https://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos068.htm#outlook Librarians]
#R. Hoetzlein. The Organization of Human Knowledge: Systems for Interdisciplinary Research. 2007. Available at: http://www.rchoetzlein.com/quanta
#R. Hoetzlein. The Organization of Human Knowledge: Systems for Interdisciplinary Research. 2007. Available at: https://www.rchoetzlein.com/quanta
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Informatics]]
* [[Informatics]]
* [[OCLC]]
* [https://www.oclc.org OCLC]
==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.lisnews.org LISNews.org] Librarian and Information Science News
* [https://www.lisnews.org LISNews.org] Librarian and Information Science News
* [http://www.liswire.com LISWire.com] Librarian and Information Science Wire
* [https://www.liswire.com LISWire.com] Librarian and Information Science Wire
* [http://dmoz.org/Reference/Libraries/Library_and_Information_Science/ Open Directory Project category] Library and Information Science listings
* [https://dmoz.org/Reference/Libraries/Library_and_Information_Science/ Open Directory Project category] Library and Information Science listings
===History===
===History===
* [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflib.html Jefferson's Library] - Exhibition including a sample page from "Catalog of Library of Thomas Jefferson"
* [https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflib.html Jefferson's Library] - Exhibition including a sample page from "Catalog of Library of Thomas Jefferson"
* [http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/istchron/ISCNET/ISCHRON.HTM Chronology of information science and technology] - From the 17th to the 20th century
* [https://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/istchron/ISCNET/ISCHRON.HTM Chronology of information science and technology] - From the 17th to the 20th century
* [http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/chemnet/CHCHRON.htm Chronology of chemical information science]
* [https://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/chemnet/CHCHRON.htm Chronology of chemical information science]
* [http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/contents.htm Information science pioneers] - Biographies of pioneers and famous information scientists
* [https://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/contents.htm Information science pioneers] - Biographies of pioneers and famous information scientists
[[Category: General Reference]]
[[Category: General Reference]]