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'''Motivation''' is the internal [[human condition|condition]] that activates [[behavior]] and gives it direction; energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior. The term is generally used for [[human]] motivation but, theoretically, it can be used to describe the causes for [[animal]] behavior as well. This article refers to human motivation. According to various theories, motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, hobby, goal, state of being, ideal, or it may be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism, [[morality]], or avoiding mortality.

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English]: from Old French ''motif'' (adjective used as a noun), from late Latin ''motivus'', from ''movere'' ‘to move.’

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1873]

*1: the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something : the act or process of motivating someone

*2: the condition of being eager to act or work : the condition of being motivated

*3: a force or influence that causes someone to do something

==Intrinsic motivation==

==Intrinsic motivation==

Intrinsic motivation comes from rewards inherent to a task or activity itself - the enjoyment of a puzzle or the love of playing basketball, for example. One is said to be intrinsically motivated when engaging in an activity "with no apparent reward except for the activity itself".[1] This form of motivation has been studied by social and educational psychologists since the early 1970s. [[Research]] has found that it is usually associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students. Intrinsic motivation has been explained by Fritz Heider's attribution theory, Bandura's work on self-efficacy [2], and Ryan and Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:

Intrinsic motivation comes from rewards inherent to a task or activity itself - the enjoyment of a puzzle or the love of playing basketball, for example. One is said to be intrinsically motivated when engaging in an activity "with no apparent reward except for the activity itself".[1] This form of motivation has been studied by social and educational psychologists since the early 1970s. [[Research]] has found that it is usually associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students. Intrinsic motivation has been explained by Fritz Heider's attribution theory, Bandura's work on self-efficacy [2], and Ryan and Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:

*believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by luck),

*believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by luck),

*are interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote-learning to achieve good grades.

*are interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote-learning to achieve good grades.

==Extrinsic motivation==

==Extrinsic motivation==

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the performer. [[Money]] is the most obvious example, but [[coercion]] and threat of punishment are also common extrinsic motivations.

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the performer. [[Money]] is the most obvious example, but [[coercion]] and threat of punishment are also common extrinsic motivations.