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A '''pilgrim''' (lat. peregrinus) is one who undertakes a pilgrimage, [[literally]] 'far afield'. This is [[traditionally]] a visit to a place of some [[religious]] or historic significance; often a considerable distance is traveled. Examples include a Christian or Jew visiting [[Jerusalem]] or a Muslim visiting [[Mecca]].

A '''pilgrim''' (lat. peregrinus) is one who undertakes a pilgrimage, [[literally]] 'far afield'. This is [[traditionally]] a visit to a place of some [[religious]] or historic significance; often a considerable distance is traveled. Examples include a Christian or Jew visiting [[Jerusalem]] or a Muslim visiting [[Mecca]].

Pilgrims and the making of pilgrimages are common in many [[religions]], including the [[faiths]] in ancient Egypt, Persia in the Mithraic period, India, China, and Japan. The [[Greek]] and Roman [[customs]] of consulting the gods at local [[oracles]], such as those at Dodona or [[Delphi]], both in Greece, are widely known. In Greece, pilgrimages could either be [[personal]] or [[state]]-sponsored.[1]

Pilgrims and the making of pilgrimages are common in many [[religions]], including the [[faiths]] in ancient Egypt, Persia in the Mithraic period, India, China, and Japan. The [[Greek]] and Roman [[customs]] of consulting the gods at local [[oracles]], such as those at Dodona or [[Delphi]], both in Greece, are widely known. In Greece, pilgrimages could either be [[personal]] or [[state]]-sponsored.[1]

In the early period of [[Hebrew]] [[history]], pilgrims traveled to Shiloh, Dan, Bethel, and eventually [[Jerusalem]], a [[practice]] followed by other Abrahamic religions. The great [[Islam]]ic pilgrimage to Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia), is obligatory for every able [[Muslim]]. Other Islamic [[devotion]]al pilgrimages, particularly to the tombs of Shia Imams or Sufi saints, are numerous. The early Christians made pilgrimages to the scenes of the Passion of Christ in Jerusalem. After Jerusalem had been occupied by the Saracens, [[Christians]] secured the liberty of pilgrimage, on payment of a tax by treaty. Medieval military orders, such as the [[Knights Templar]] arose to protect the pilgrims on their [[journey]]s.

In the early period of [[Hebrew]] [[history]], pilgrims traveled to Shiloh, Dan, Bethel, and eventually [[Jerusalem]], a [[practice]] followed by other Abrahamic religions. The great [[Islam]]ic pilgrimage to Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia), is obligatory for every able [[Muslim]]. Other Islamic [[devotion]]al pilgrimages, particularly to the tombs of Shia Imams or Sufi saints, are numerous. The early Christians made pilgrimages to the scenes of the Passion of Christ in Jerusalem. After Jerusalem had been occupied by the Saracens, [[Christians]] secured the liberty of pilgrimage, on payment of a tax by treaty. Medieval military orders, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar Knights Templar] arose to protect the pilgrims on their [[journey]]s.

While religious pilgrims usually travel toward a specific destination, a [[physical]] location is not a [[necessity]]. One group of pilgrims in early [[Celtic]] Christianity were the Peregrinari Pro Christ, (Pilgrims for Christ), or "white martyrs". They left their [[homes]] to wander in the world.[2] This sort of pilgrimage was an [[ascetic]] religious practice, as the pilgrim left the [[security]] of [[home]] and the clan for an unknown destination, in complete [[trust]] of [[Divine]] [[Providence]]. These travels often resulted in the founding of new abbeys and spreading Christianity among the [[pagan]] [[population]] in Britain as well as in continental Europe.

While religious pilgrims usually travel toward a specific destination, a [[physical]] location is not a [[necessity]]. One group of pilgrims in early [[Celtic]] Christianity were the Peregrinari Pro Christ, (Pilgrims for Christ), or "white martyrs". They left their [[homes]] to wander in the world.[2] This sort of pilgrimage was an [[ascetic]] religious practice, as the pilgrim left the [[security]] of [[home]] and the clan for an unknown destination, in complete [[trust]] of [[Divine]] [[Providence]]. These travels often resulted in the founding of new abbeys and spreading Christianity among the [[pagan]] [[population]] in Britain as well as in continental Europe.

==Cultural pilgrims==

==Cultural pilgrims==

A cultural pilgrimage, while also about [[personal]] [[journey]], involves a secular [[response]]. Destinations for such pilgrims can include historic sites of national or cultural importance, and can be defined as places "of cultural significance: an artist's [[home]], the location of a pivotal [[event]] or an [[icon]]ic destination."[3] An example might be a baseball fan visiting Cooperstown, New York. Destinations for cultural pilgrims include examples such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp Auschwitz concentration camp], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Battlefield Gettysburg Battlefield], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway_House Ernest Hemingway House] or even Disneyland.[3] Cultural pilgrims may also travel on religious pilgrimage routes, such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way_of_St._James Way of St. James], with the [[perspective]] of making it a historic or [[architectural]] tour rather than a [[religious]] [[experience]].[4]

A cultural pilgrimage, while also about [[personal]] [[journey]], involves a secular [[response]]. Destinations for such pilgrims can include historic sites of national or cultural importance, and can be defined as places "of cultural significance: an artist's [[home]], the location of a pivotal [[event]] or an [[icon]]ic destination."[3] An example might be a baseball fan visiting Cooperstown, New York. Destinations for cultural pilgrims include examples such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp Auschwitz concentration camp], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Battlefield Gettysburg Battlefield], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway_House Ernest Hemingway House] or even Disneyland.[3] Cultural pilgrims may also travel on religious pilgrimage routes, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way_of_St._James Way of St. James], with the [[perspective]] of making it a historic or [[architectural]] tour rather than a [[religious]] [[experience]].[4]

Secular pilgrims also exist under communist regimes. These devotional but strictly secular pilgrims visited locations such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Lenin Mausoleum of Lenin] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mao_Zedong Mausoleum of Mao Zedong], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx_House Birthplace of Karl Marx]. Such visits are sometimes state-sponsored.

Secular pilgrims also exist under communist regimes. These devotional but strictly secular pilgrims visited locations such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Lenin Mausoleum of Lenin] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mao_Zedong Mausoleum of Mao Zedong], or the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx_House Birthplace of Karl Marx]. Such visits are sometimes state-sponsored.

==References==

==References==

# Hanges, James Constantine (July 2000). "Pilgrims and Pilgrimage in Ancient Greece by Matthew Dillon". The Journal of Religion 80 (3): 543–545. doi:10.1086/490704. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4189%28200007%2980%3A3%3C543%3APAPIAG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9. Retrieved 2008-03-11.  

# Hanges, James Constantine (July 2000). "Pilgrims and Pilgrimage in Ancient Greece by Matthew Dillon". The Journal of Religion 80 (3): 543–545. doi:10.1086/490704. https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4189%28200007%2980%3A3%3C543%3APAPIAG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9. Retrieved 2008-03-11.  

# "The Celtic Saints". Heart O' Glory. 2007. http://www.heartoglory.com/celtic/celtic-saints.php. Retrieved 2007-10-23.  

# "The Celtic Saints". Heart O' Glory. 2007. https://www.heartoglory.com/celtic/celtic-saints.php. Retrieved 2007-10-23.  

# Welsch, Chris (January 3, 2007). "Travelers define such a pilgrimage in many different ways". Star Tribune. http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/travel/11279306.html. Retrieved 2008-03-11.  

# Welsch, Chris (January 3, 2007). "Travelers define such a pilgrimage in many different ways". Star Tribune. https://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/travel/11279306.html. Retrieved 2008-03-11.  

# "Cultural Pilgrimage to Compostela". Circa Tours. February 17, 2008. http://www.circaterras.com/Tours-Heritage-Culture-Spain/Santiago-Compostela.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-11.  

# "Cultural Pilgrimage to Compostela". Circa Tours. February 17, 2008. https://www.circaterras.com/Tours-Heritage-Culture-Spain/Santiago-Compostela.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-11.  

# Kumar, Nirmal (May 1954). "My Days with Gandhi". The American Journal of Sociology 59 (6): 597–598. doi:10.1086/221466. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9602%28195405%2959%3A6%3C597%3AMDWG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E. Retrieved 2007-10-23.  

# Kumar, Nirmal (May 1954). "My Days with Gandhi". The American Journal of Sociology 59 (6): 597–598. doi:10.1086/221466. https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9602%28195405%2959%3A6%3C597%3AMDWG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E. Retrieved 2007-10-23.  

==Literature==

==Literature==

* [http://www.eurovia.tv/home/component/page,shop.product_details/flypage,shop.flypage/product_id,21/category_id,8/manufacturer_id,0/option,com_virtuemart/Itemid,170/lang,en/ Documentation, of a modern pilgrimage to Rome]. Kerschbaum & Gattinger, Via Francigena. DVD. Vienna: Verlag EUROVIA, 2005. ISBN 3200005009

* [https://www.eurovia.tv/home/component/page,shop.product_details/flypage,shop.flypage/product_id,21/category_id,8/manufacturer_id,0/option,com_virtuemart/Itemid,170/lang,en/ Documentation, of a modern pilgrimage to Rome]. Kerschbaum & Gattinger, Via Francigena. DVD. Vienna: Verlag EUROVIA, 2005. ISBN 3200005009

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.york.ac.uk/projects/pilgrimage Pilgrims and Pilgrimage - An Online Teaching and Learning Resource]

*[https://www.york.ac.uk/projects/pilgrimage Pilgrims and Pilgrimage - An Online Teaching and Learning Resource]

*[http://www.pilgrim-wiki.com The Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela Wiki]

*[https://www.pilgrim-wiki.com The Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela Wiki]

*[http://www.eurovia.tv/home/component/option,com_frontpage/Itemid,44/lang,en All about Pilgrimage and Ways in Europe from the EUROVIA Association]

*[https://www.eurovia.tv/home/component/option,com_frontpage/Itemid,44/lang,en All about Pilgrimage and Ways in Europe from the EUROVIA Association]

*[http://www.wayofapilgrim.com Way of A Pilgrim] Modern Christian pilgrim loosely based on the Russian Orthodox classic The Way of A Pilgrim

*[https://www.wayofapilgrim.com Way of A Pilgrim] Modern Christian pilgrim loosely based on the Russian Orthodox classic The Way of A Pilgrim

*[http://www.vwsp.eu How to be a pilgrim] Theory & Practice

*[https://www.vwsp.eu How to be a pilgrim] Theory & Practice

*[http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/seminar97.html Pilgrimages to Jerusalem] Descriptions of pilgrimages to Jerusalem from the 3rd-20th centuries

*[https://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/history/seminar/seminar97.html Pilgrimages to Jerusalem] Descriptions of pilgrimages to Jerusalem from the 3rd-20th centuries

*[http://www.larsdatter.com/pilgrims.htm Medieval Pilgrims' Clothing] Illustrations of 13th-16th century pilgrims, and links to photos of 16th century clothing made for pilgrimage

*[https://www.larsdatter.com/pilgrims.htm Medieval Pilgrims' Clothing] Illustrations of 13th-16th century pilgrims, and links to photos of 16th century clothing made for pilgrimage

*[http://www.ancientmusic.co.uk/hobby/Norway Account of pilgrimage to Nidaros (Trondheim) in Norway on Olav's Way. With useful page about kit.]

*[https://www.ancientmusic.co.uk/hobby/Norway Account of pilgrimage to Nidaros (Trondheim) in Norway on Olav's Way. With useful page about kit.]

*[http://www.pilgrimsociety.com Pilgrim Society from Canada]

*[https://www.pilgrimsociety.com Pilgrim Society from Canada]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]