Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] temperamentum, from temperare to mix, temper

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] temperamentum, from temperare to mix, temper

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century]

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Temperament''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Temperament '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Temperament''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Temperament '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 obsolete a : [[constitution]] of a substance, [[body]], or [[organism]] with [[respect]] to the mixture or [[balance]] of its elements, [[qualities]], or [[parts]] : makeup  

*1 obsolete a : [[constitution]] of a substance, [[body]], or [[organism]] with [[respect]] to the mixture or [[balance]] of its elements, [[qualities]], or [[parts]] : makeup  

In [[psychology]], '''temperament''' refers to those aspects of an [[individual]]'s [[personality]], such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as [[innate]] rather than learned. A great many classificatory schemes for temperament have been developed; none, though, has achieved general [[consensus]].

In [[psychology]], '''temperament''' refers to those aspects of an [[individual]]'s [[personality]], such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as [[innate]] rather than learned. A great many classificatory schemes for temperament have been developed; none, though, has achieved general [[consensus]].

[[History|Historically]], the [[concept]] of temperament was part of the [[theory]] of the four humours, with their corresponding four temperaments. The concept played an important part in pre-modern psychology, and was explored by [[philosophers]] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Lotze Hermann Lotze]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Keirsey David W. Keirsey] also drew upon the early [[models]] of temperament when [[developing]] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keirsey_Temperament_Sorter Keirsey Temperament Sorter]. More recently, [[scientists]] seeking [[evidence]] of a [[biological]] basis of [[personality]] have further [[Research|examined]] the [[relationship]] between temperament and [[character]] (defined in this [[context]] as the learnt aspects of personality). However, biological correlations have proven hard to confirm.

[[History|Historically]], the [[concept]] of temperament was part of the [[theory]] of the four humours, with their corresponding four temperaments. The concept played an important part in pre-modern psychology, and was explored by [[philosophers]] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Lotze Hermann Lotze]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Keirsey David W. Keirsey] also drew upon the early [[models]] of temperament when [[developing]] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keirsey_Temperament_Sorter Keirsey Temperament Sorter]. More recently, [[scientists]] seeking [[evidence]] of a [[biological]] basis of [[personality]] have further [[Research|examined]] the [[relationship]] between temperament and [[character]] (defined in this [[context]] as the learnt aspects of personality). However, biological correlations have proven hard to confirm.

Temperament is determined through specific [[behavioral]] profiles, usually [[focusing]] on those that are both easily [[measurable]] and testable early in [[childhood]]. Commonly tested factors include irritability, [[activity]], frequency of smiling, and an approach or avoidant posture to unfamiliar [[events]]. There is generally a low correlation between descriptions by teachers and behavioural [[observation]]s by scientists of features used in determining temperament.

Temperament is determined through specific [[behavioral]] profiles, usually [[focusing]] on those that are both easily [[measurable]] and testable early in [[childhood]]. Commonly tested factors include irritability, [[activity]], frequency of smiling, and an approach or avoidant posture to unfamiliar [[events]]. There is generally a low correlation between descriptions by teachers and behavioural [[observation]]s by scientists of features used in determining temperament.