Changes

In the first [[mathematically]] accurate description of gravity, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation], [[gravity]] was an external [[force]] [[transmitted]] by unknown means. However in the early part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century 20th century] Newton's [[model]] was replaced by the more general and complete description known as [[general relativity]]. In general relativity, gravity is not a force in the [[traditional]] sense of the [[word]], but the result of the [[geometry]] of [[space]] itself. These geometrical solutions always cause [[attractive]] "forces". Under general relativity, anti-gravity is highly unlikely, except under contrived circumstances that are regarded as unlikely or impossible. The term "anti-gravity" is also sometimes used to refer to hypothetical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactionless_propulsion reactionless propulsion drives] based on certain solutions to general [[relativity]], although these do not oppose gravity as such.

In the first [[mathematically]] accurate description of gravity, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation], [[gravity]] was an external [[force]] [[transmitted]] by unknown means. However in the early part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century 20th century] Newton's [[model]] was replaced by the more general and complete description known as [[general relativity]]. In general relativity, gravity is not a force in the [[traditional]] sense of the [[word]], but the result of the [[geometry]] of [[space]] itself. These geometrical solutions always cause [[attractive]] "forces". Under general relativity, anti-gravity is highly unlikely, except under contrived circumstances that are regarded as unlikely or impossible. The term "anti-gravity" is also sometimes used to refer to hypothetical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactionless_propulsion reactionless propulsion drives] based on certain solutions to general [[relativity]], although these do not oppose gravity as such.

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Anti-gravity''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Anti-gravity '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Anti-gravity''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Anti-gravity '''''this link'''''].</center>

There are more recent [[theories]] that add to general [[relativity]] or replace it outright, and some of these appear to allow anti-gravity-like solutions. However, according to the current widely accepted [[physical]] theories, verified in [[experiments]], and according to the major directions of physical [[research]], it is considered highly unlikely that anti-gravity is possible.[1][2][3]

There are more recent [[theories]] that add to general [[relativity]] or replace it outright, and some of these appear to allow anti-gravity-like solutions. However, according to the current widely accepted [[physical]] theories, verified in [[experiments]], and according to the major directions of physical [[research]], it is considered highly unlikely that anti-gravity is possible.[1][2][3]

==Empirical claims and commercial efforts==

==Empirical claims and commercial efforts==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionocraft Ionocraft], or sometimes referred to as "Lifters" have been claimed to defy gravity, but in [[fact]] they use accelerated ions which have been stripped from the air around them to produce thrust. The thrust produced by one of these toys is not enough to lift its own power supply. Specifically, a special type of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohydrodynamic_thruster electrohydrodynamic thruster] uses the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biefeld%E2%80%93Brown_effect Biefeld–Brown] effect to hover.

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionocraft Ionocraft], or sometimes referred to as "Lifters" have been claimed to defy gravity, but in [[fact]] they use accelerated ions which have been stripped from the air around them to produce thrust. The thrust produced by one of these toys is not enough to lift its own power supply. Specifically, a special type of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohydrodynamic_thruster electrohydrodynamic thruster] uses the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biefeld%E2%80%93Brown_effect Biefeld–Brown] effect to hover.

==Quote==

==Quote==

'''Antigravity''' can annul [[gravity]] within a local frame; it does so by the [[exercise]] of [[equal]] [[force]] [[presence]]. It operates only with [[reference]] to [[material]] gravity, and it is not the [[action]] of [[mind]]. The gravity-resistant [[phenomenon]] of a gyroscope is a fair [[illustration]] of the ''[[effect]]'' of antigravity but of no [[value]] to illustrate the [[cause]] of antigravity. [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_9_-_Relation_of_the_Infinite_Spirit_to_the_Universe#9:3._THE_UNIVERSAL_MANIPULATOR 9:3.3]

'''Antigravity''' can annul [[gravity]] within a local frame; it does so by the [[exercise]] of [[equal]] [[force]] [[presence]]. It operates only with [[reference]] to [[material]] gravity, and it is not the [[action]] of [[mind]]. The gravity-resistant [[phenomenon]] of a gyroscope is a fair [[illustration]] of the ''[[effect]]'' of antigravity but of no [[value]] to illustrate the [[cause]] of antigravity. [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_9_-_Relation_of_the_Infinite_Spirit_to_the_Universe#9:3._THE_UNIVERSAL_MANIPULATOR 9:3.3]

==References==

==References==

# Peskin, M and Schroeder, D. ;An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Westview Press, 1995) [ISBN 0-201-50397-2]

# Peskin, M and Schroeder, D. ;An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Westview Press, 1995) [ISBN 0-201-50397-2]