Changes

Anger can lead to many things physically and mentally.The external expression of anger can be found in facial [[expression]]s, [[body]] [[language]], physiological responses, and at times in [[public]] [[act]]s of aggression.[5] [[Human]]s and non-human [[animal]]s for example make loud [[sound]]s, attempt to look physically larger, bare their teeth, and stare.[6] Anger is a behavioral [[pattern]] designed to warn aggressors to stop their threatening behavior. Rarely does a physical altercation occur without the prior expression of anger by at least one of the participants.[6] While most of those who experience anger explain its arousal as a result of "what has happened to them," psychologists point out that an angry person can be very well mistaken because anger causes a loss in self-monitoring capacity and objective observability.[7]

Anger can lead to many things physically and mentally.The external expression of anger can be found in facial [[expression]]s, [[body]] [[language]], physiological responses, and at times in [[public]] [[act]]s of aggression.[5] [[Human]]s and non-human [[animal]]s for example make loud [[sound]]s, attempt to look physically larger, bare their teeth, and stare.[6] Anger is a behavioral [[pattern]] designed to warn aggressors to stop their threatening behavior. Rarely does a physical altercation occur without the prior expression of anger by at least one of the participants.[6] While most of those who experience anger explain its arousal as a result of "what has happened to them," psychologists point out that an angry person can be very well mistaken because anger causes a loss in self-monitoring capacity and objective observability.[7]

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Anger''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Anger this link].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Anger''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Anger this link].</center>

Modern psychologists view anger as a primary, natural, and mature [[emotion]] [[experience]]d by all [[human]]s at times, and as something that has [[function]]al [[value]] for survival. Anger can mobilize psychological resources for corrective [[action]]. Uncontrolled anger can, however, negatively affect personal or social well-being.[7][8] While many philosophers and writers have warned against the spontaneous and uncontrolled fits of anger, there has been disagreement over the intrinsic value of anger.[9] Dealing with anger has been addressed in the writings of earliest philosophers up to modern times. Modern psychologists, in contrast to the earlier writers, have also pointed out the possible harmful effects of suppression of anger.[9] Displays of anger can be used as a manipulation strategy for social influence.[10][11]

Modern psychologists view anger as a primary, natural, and mature [[emotion]] [[experience]]d by all [[human]]s at times, and as something that has [[function]]al [[value]] for survival. Anger can mobilize psychological resources for corrective [[action]]. Uncontrolled anger can, however, negatively affect personal or social well-being.[7][8] While many philosophers and writers have warned against the spontaneous and uncontrolled fits of anger, there has been disagreement over the intrinsic value of anger.[9] Dealing with anger has been addressed in the writings of earliest philosophers up to modern times. Modern psychologists, in contrast to the earlier writers, have also pointed out the possible harmful effects of suppression of anger.[9] Displays of anger can be used as a manipulation strategy for social influence.[10][11]

==Psychology==

==Psychology==

Anger expression might have negative outcomes for [[individual]]s and organizations as well, such as decrease of productivity [44] and increase of job [[stress]] [45], however it could also have positive outcomes, such as increased work motivation, improved [[relationships]], increased mutual [[understanding]] and etc. (for ex. Tiedens, 2000 [46]). A Dual Thresholds Model of Anger in Organizations by Geddes and Callister, (2007) provides an explanation on the valence of anger expression outcomes. The [[model]] suggests that organizational norms establish [[emotion]] thresholds that may be crossed when employees feel anger. The first "expression threshold" is crossed when an organizational member conveys felt anger to individuals at work who are associated with or able to address the anger-provoking situation. The second "impropriety threshold" is crossed if or when organizational members go too far while expressing anger such that observers and other company personnel find their actions socially and/or culturally inappropriate. The higher [[probability]] of negative outcomes from workplace anger likely will occur in either of two situations. The first is when organizational members suppress rather than express their anger—that is, they fail to cross the "expression threshold". In this instance personnel who might be able to address or resolve the anger-provoking condition or event remain unaware of the problem, allowing it to continue, along with the affected individual’s anger. The second is when organizational members cross both thresholds—“double cross”— displaying anger that is perceived as deviant. In such cases the angry person is seen as the problem—increasing chances of organizational sanctions against him or her while diverting attention away from the initial anger-provoking incident. In contrast, a higher probability of positive outcomes from workplace anger expression likely will occur when one’s expressed anger stays in the space between the expression and impropriety thresholds. Here, one expresses anger in a way fellow organizational members find acceptable, prompting exchanges and discussions that may help resolve concerns to the satisfaction of all parties involved. This space between the thresholds varies among different organizations and also can be changed in organization itself: when the change is directed to support anger displays - the space between the thresholds will be expanded and when the change is directed to suppressing such displays – the space will be reduced. [47]

Anger expression might have negative outcomes for [[individual]]s and organizations as well, such as decrease of productivity [44] and increase of job [[stress]] [45], however it could also have positive outcomes, such as increased work motivation, improved [[relationships]], increased mutual [[understanding]] and etc. (for ex. Tiedens, 2000 [46]). A Dual Thresholds Model of Anger in Organizations by Geddes and Callister, (2007) provides an explanation on the valence of anger expression outcomes. The [[model]] suggests that organizational norms establish [[emotion]] thresholds that may be crossed when employees feel anger. The first "expression threshold" is crossed when an organizational member conveys felt anger to individuals at work who are associated with or able to address the anger-provoking situation. The second "impropriety threshold" is crossed if or when organizational members go too far while expressing anger such that observers and other company personnel find their actions socially and/or culturally inappropriate. The higher [[probability]] of negative outcomes from workplace anger likely will occur in either of two situations. The first is when organizational members suppress rather than express their anger—that is, they fail to cross the "expression threshold". In this instance personnel who might be able to address or resolve the anger-provoking condition or event remain unaware of the problem, allowing it to continue, along with the affected individual’s anger. The second is when organizational members cross both thresholds—“double cross”— displaying anger that is perceived as deviant. In such cases the angry person is seen as the problem—increasing chances of organizational sanctions against him or her while diverting attention away from the initial anger-provoking incident. In contrast, a higher probability of positive outcomes from workplace anger expression likely will occur when one’s expressed anger stays in the space between the expression and impropriety thresholds. Here, one expresses anger in a way fellow organizational members find acceptable, prompting exchanges and discussions that may help resolve concerns to the satisfaction of all parties involved. This space between the thresholds varies among different organizations and also can be changed in organization itself: when the change is directed to support anger displays - the space between the thresholds will be expanded and when the change is directed to suppressing such displays – the space will be reduced. [47]

==Quote==

==Quote==

'''Anger''' is a [[material]] manifestation which represents, in a general way, the [[measure]] of the failure of the [[spiritual]] [[nature]] to gain control of the combined [[intellectual]] and [[physical]] natures. Anger indicates your lack of tolerant brotherly [[love]] plus your lack of self-respect and self-control. Anger depletes the [[health]], debases the [[mind]], and handicaps the [[spirit]] teacher of man's [[soul]].... "Let your [[heart]]s be so dominated by [[love]] that your [[spirit]] guide will have little trouble in delivering you from the tendency to give vent to those outbursts of [[animal]] anger which are inconsistent with the [[status]] of [[divine]] sonship." [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Anger. —Jesus]

'''Anger''' is a [[material]] manifestation which represents, in a general way, the [[measure]] of the failure of the [[spiritual]] [[nature]] to gain control of the combined [[intellectual]] and [[physical]] natures. Anger indicates your lack of tolerant brotherly [[love]] plus your lack of self-respect and self-control. Anger depletes the [[health]], debases the [[mind]], and handicaps the [[spirit]] teacher of man's [[soul]].... "Let your [[heart]]s be so dominated by [[love]] that your [[spirit]] guide will have little trouble in delivering you from the tendency to give vent to those outbursts of [[animal]] anger which are inconsistent with the [[status]] of [[divine]] sonship." [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Anger. —Jesus]

==Further reading==

==Further reading==