Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] faculte, from Anglo-French faculté,  from Medieval Latin & [[Latin]]; Medieval Latin facultat-, facultas  branch of [[learning]] or [[teaching]], from Latin, [[ability]], [[abundance]], from facilis  facile

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] faculte, from Anglo-French faculté,  from Medieval Latin & [[Latin]]; Medieval Latin facultat-, facultas  branch of [[learning]] or [[teaching]], from Latin, [[ability]], [[abundance]], from facilis  facile

*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 : [[ability]], [[power]]: as a : [[innate]] or acquired [[ability]] to [[act]] or do  

*1 : [[ability]], [[power]]: as a : [[innate]] or acquired [[ability]] to [[act]] or do  

*4 : [[power]], [[authority]], or [[prerogative]] given or conferred

*4 : [[power]], [[authority]], or [[prerogative]] given or conferred

==Description==

==Description==

A '''faculty''' is a division within a [[university]]  comprising one subject area, or a [[number]] of related subject areas (for the North American usage, referring to academic staff, see below). In North American usage such divisions are generally referred to as [[colleges]]  (e.g., "college of arts and sciences") or schools (e.g., "school of business"), but may also mix terminology (e.g., [[http://www.harvard.edu Harvard University] has a "faculty of arts and sciences" but a "[[law]] school").

A '''faculty''' is a division within a [[university]]  comprising one subject area, or a [[number]] of related subject areas (for the North American usage, referring to academic staff, see below). In North American usage such divisions are generally referred to as [[colleges]]  (e.g., "college of arts and sciences") or schools (e.g., "school of business"), but may also mix terminology (e.g., [[https://www.harvard.edu Harvard University] has a "faculty of arts and sciences" but a "[[law]] school").

The [[concept]] of a [[university]] with [[different]] faculties for different subjects dates back to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Azhar_University Al-Azhar University], which had individual faculties for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasah Madrasah], theological [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminary seminary], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia Islamic law] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqh jurisprudence], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar Arabic grammar], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_astronomy Islamic astronomy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy Islamic philosophy], and [[logic]] in Islamic philosophy.

The [[concept]] of a [[university]] with [[different]] faculties for different subjects dates back to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Azhar_University Al-Azhar University], which had individual faculties for a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasah Madrasah], theological [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminary seminary], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia Islamic law] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqh jurisprudence], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar Arabic grammar], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_astronomy Islamic astronomy], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy Islamic philosophy], and [[logic]] in Islamic philosophy.

The medieval [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Paris University of Paris], which served as a [[model]] for most of the later medieval [[universities]] in Europe, had four faculties: the Faculties of [[Theology]], [[Law]], [[Medicine]], and finally the Faculty of [[the Arts|Arts]], which every student had to graduate from in order to continue his [[training]] in one of the other three, sometimes known as the higher faculties. The [[privilege]] to [[establish]] these four faculties was usually part of all medieval charters for [[universities]], but not every university could in [[reality]] do so.

The medieval [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Paris University of Paris], which served as a [[model]] for most of the later medieval [[universities]] in Europe, had four faculties: the Faculties of [[Theology]], [[Law]], [[Medicine]], and finally the Faculty of [[the Arts|Arts]], which every student had to graduate from in order to continue his [[training]] in one of the other three, sometimes known as the higher faculties. The [[privilege]] to [[establish]] these four faculties was usually part of all medieval charters for [[universities]], but not every university could in [[reality]] do so.

''The Faculty of Art''s took its [[name]] from the [[seven]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_arts liberal arts]: the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivium_(education) trivium] ([[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectics dialectics]) and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrivium quadrivium] (arithmetic, [[music]], [[geometry]] and [[astronomy]]). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and other universities, the name for this faculty would more often [[literally]] [[translate]] as 'faculty of [[philosophy]]'. The degree of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_Artium Magister Artium] (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)] originates within German education and derives its name from the German name of the Arts faculty.

''The Faculty of Art''s took its [[name]] from the [[seven]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_arts liberal arts]: the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivium_(education) trivium] ([[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectics dialectics]) and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrivium quadrivium] (arithmetic, [[music]], [[geometry]] and [[astronomy]]). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and other universities, the name for this faculty would more often [[literally]] [[translate]] as 'faculty of [[philosophy]]'. The degree of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_Artium Magister Artium] (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)] originates within German education and derives its name from the German name of the Arts faculty.

The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the [[traditional]] four faculties, and through the absorption of academic [[disciplines]] which have [[developed]] within originally [[vocation]]al schools, in areas such as [[engineering]] or [[agriculture]].

The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the [[traditional]] four faculties, and through the absorption of academic [[disciplines]] which have [[developed]] within originally [[vocation]]al schools, in areas such as [[engineering]] or [[agriculture]].

== Additional North American usage==

== Additional North American usage==

In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_English North American English], the [[word]] faculty is also used as a [[collective]] noun for the [[academic]] staff of a [[university]]: senior [[teachers]], lecturers, and/or [[researchers]]. The term is most commonly used in this [[context]] in the United States and Canada, and generally includes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor professors] of various rank: assistant professors, associate professors, and (full) professors, usually [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenure tenured] (or tenure-track) in terms of their contract of employment.

In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_English North American English], the [[word]] faculty is also used as a [[collective]] noun for the [[academic]] staff of a [[university]]: senior [[teachers]], lecturers, and/or [[researchers]]. The term is most commonly used in this [[context]] in the United States and Canada, and generally includes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor professors] of various rank: assistant professors, associate professors, and (full) professors, usually [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenure tenured] (or tenure-track) in terms of their contract of employment.

Members of university [[administration]] (e.g., department chairs, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_(education) deans], vice presidents, presidents, and [[librarians]]) are often also faculty members, in many cases beginning (and remaining) as professors. In some [[universities]], the distinction between 'academic faculty' and '[[administrative]] faculty' is made explicit by the former being contracted for nine months per year, [[meaning]] that they can be absent from the campus during the summer vacation, while the latter are contracted for twelve months per year. These two [[types]] of faculty [[status]] are sometimes known as 'nine month faculty' and 'twelve month faculty'.

Members of university [[administration]] (e.g., department chairs, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_(education) deans], vice presidents, presidents, and [[librarians]]) are often also faculty members, in many cases beginning (and remaining) as professors. In some [[universities]], the distinction between 'academic faculty' and '[[administrative]] faculty' is made explicit by the former being contracted for nine months per year, [[meaning]] that they can be absent from the campus during the summer vacation, while the latter are contracted for twelve months per year. These two [[types]] of faculty [[status]] are sometimes known as 'nine month faculty' and 'twelve month faculty'.

Most university faculty hold a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D. Ph.D.] or equivalent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate doctorate] degree. Some [[professionals]] or instructors from other [[institutions]] who are [[associated]] with a particular [[university]] (e.g., by teaching some courses or supervising graduate students) but do not hold professorships may be appointed as adjunct faculty.

Most university faculty hold a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D. Ph.D.] or equivalent [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate doctorate] degree. Some [[professionals]] or instructors from other [[institutions]] who are [[associated]] with a particular [[university]] (e.g., by teaching some courses or supervising graduate students) but do not hold professorships may be appointed as adjunct faculty.

Other than universities, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_college community colleges] and secondary or primary schools also use the terms faculty and professor to describe their instructors, but this does not hold the same [[status]] as a professor in a university. Other institutions (e.g., teaching [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitals hospitals]) may likewise use the term faculty.

Other than universities, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_college community colleges] and secondary or primary schools also use the terms faculty and professor to describe their instructors, but this does not hold the same [[status]] as a professor in a university. Other institutions (e.g., teaching [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitals hospitals]) may likewise use the term faculty.

Faculty is a distinct category from staff, although members of both groups are employees of the [[institution]] in question. This is distinct from, for example, the British or Australian usage, in which all employees of the institution are staff, of two types: academic staff (North American faculty) and general staff (North American staff).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty_%28university%29]

Faculty is a distinct category from staff, although members of both groups are employees of the [[institution]] in question. This is distinct from, for example, the British or Australian usage, in which all employees of the institution are staff, of two types: academic staff (North American faculty) and general staff (North American staff).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty_%28university%29]

[[Category: Education]]

[[Category: Education]]