Changes

Types of [[threatre|drama]] in numerous cultures were probably the first mass-media, going back into the Ancient World. The first dated printed book known is the "[[Diamond Sutra]]", printed in China in 868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread of literacy to the masses in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the earliest printed mass-medium was probably European popular prints from about 1400.  Although these were produced in huge numbers, very few early examples survive, and even most known to be printed before about 1600 have not survived.  [[Johannes Gutenberg]] printed the first book on a [[printing press]] with movable type in 1453.  This invention transformed the way the world received printed materials, although books remained too expensive really to be called a mass-medium for at least a century after that.

Types of [[threatre|drama]] in numerous cultures were probably the first mass-media, going back into the Ancient World. The first dated printed book known is the "[[Diamond Sutra]]", printed in China in 868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread of literacy to the masses in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the earliest printed mass-medium was probably European popular prints from about 1400.  Although these were produced in huge numbers, very few early examples survive, and even most known to be printed before about 1600 have not survived.  [[Johannes Gutenberg]] printed the first book on a [[printing press]] with movable type in 1453.  This invention transformed the way the world received printed materials, although books remained too expensive really to be called a mass-medium for at least a century after that.

Newspapers developed around from 1612, with the first example in English in 1620 [http://www.bl.uk/collections/britnews.html] ; but they took until the nineteenth century to reach a mass-audience directly.  

Newspapers developed around from 1612, with the first example in English in 1620 [https://www.bl.uk/collections/britnews.html] ; but they took until the nineteenth century to reach a mass-audience directly.  

During the 20th century, the growth of mass media was driven by technology that allowed the massive duplication of [[material]]. Physical duplication technologies such as printing, record pressing and film duplication allowed the duplication of books, newspapers and movies at low prices to huge audiences. [[Radio]] and [[television]] allowed the electronic duplication of [[information]] for the first time.  

During the 20th century, the growth of mass media was driven by technology that allowed the massive duplication of [[material]]. Physical duplication technologies such as printing, record pressing and film duplication allowed the duplication of books, newspapers and movies at low prices to huge audiences. [[Radio]] and [[television]] allowed the electronic duplication of [[information]] for the first time.  

* [[Marshall McLuhan]], one of the biggest critics in media's history, brought up the idea that "the medium is the message."

* [[Marshall McLuhan]], one of the biggest critics in media's history, brought up the idea that "the medium is the message."

* Bias, political or otherwise, towards favoring a certain individual, outcome or resolution of an event.

* Bias, political or otherwise, towards favoring a certain individual, outcome or resolution of an event.

* "The corporate media is not a watchdog protecting us from the powerful, it is a lapdog begging for scraps." [http://freepress.net/node/41272]

* "The corporate media is not a watchdog protecting us from the powerful, it is a lapdog begging for scraps." [https://freepress.net/node/41272]

This view of central media can be contrasted with lateral media, such as email networks, where messages are all slightly different and spread by a process of lateral diffusion.

This view of central media can be contrasted with lateral media, such as email networks, where messages are all slightly different and spread by a process of lateral diffusion.

An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially.

An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially.

The term record album originated from the [[fact]] that 78 RPM Phonograph disc records were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was Tchaikovsky's ''Nutcracker Suite'', release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by Odeon records. [http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/notes.html|title=Recording Technology History][http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1909.htm] It retailed for 16 shillings; about Pound sterling|£15 in modern currency.

The term record album originated from the [[fact]] that 78 RPM Phonograph disc records were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was Tchaikovsky's ''Nutcracker Suite'', release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by Odeon records. [https://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/notes.html|title=Recording Technology History][https://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1909.htm] It retailed for 16 shillings; about Pound sterling|£15 in modern currency.

A music video (also  promo) is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos were  primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when Music Television's format was based around them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse.

A music video (also  promo) is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos were  primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when Music Television's format was based around them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse.

The internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Instead of picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people will log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. Many workers listen to the radio through the internet while sitting at their desk. Games are played through the internet.  

The internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Instead of picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people will log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. Many workers listen to the radio through the internet while sitting at their desk. Games are played through the internet.  

The Internet and Education: Findings of the Pew Internet & American Life Project [http://www.pewinternet.org] Even the [[education system]] relies on the internet.Teachers can contact the entire class by sending one e-mail. They have web pages where students can get another copy of the class outline or assignments. Some classes even have class blogs where students must post weekly, and are graded on their contributions. The internet thus far has become an extremely dominant form of media.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media]

The Internet and Education: Findings of the Pew Internet & American Life Project [https://www.pewinternet.org] Even the [[education system]] relies on the internet.Teachers can contact the entire class by sending one e-mail. They have web pages where students can get another copy of the class outline or assignments. Some classes even have class blogs where students must post weekly, and are graded on their contributions. The internet thus far has become an extremely dominant form of media.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media]

==References==

==References==

# http://freepress.net/node/41272

# https://freepress.net/node/41272

# "Recording Technology History". http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/notes.html.  

# "Recording Technology History". https://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/notes.html.  

# "Chronomedia". http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1909.htm.

# "Chronomedia". https://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1909.htm.

==External links==

==External links==

* [http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Book_Excerpts/MassSociety_PE.html C. Wright Mills, The Mass Society, Chapter in the Power Elite,1956]

* [https://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Book_Excerpts/MassSociety_PE.html C. Wright Mills, The Mass Society, Chapter in the Power Elite,1956]

* [http://www.in-mind.org/issue-4/the-media-carriers-of-contagious-information.html The Media: Carriers of Contagious Information]

* [https://www.in-mind.org/issue-4/the-media-carriers-of-contagious-information.html The Media: Carriers of Contagious Information]

* [http://www.seoco.co.uk/blog/2008/07/16/how-good-is-the-mainstream-media-at-linking-out/ How Good Is The Mainstream Media At Linking Out?]

* [https://www.seoco.co.uk/blog/2008/07/16/how-good-is-the-mainstream-media-at-linking-out/ How Good Is The Mainstream Media At Linking Out?]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]