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'''Quraysh''' or Quraish (Arabic: قريش Qurayš, meaning little shark. Other transliterations include "Quresh", "Quraysh", "Koreish" and "Coreish". Turkish: Kureyş) was the dominant tribe of [[Mecca]] upon the appearance of the [[religion]] of [[Islam]]. It was the tribe to which the Islamic [[prophet]] [[Muhammad]] belonged, as well as the tribe that led the initial opposition to his message.
==Lineage==
According to popular [[legend]], the Quraysh was a branch of the Kinana branch, which descended from the Khuzaimah, which has its genealogical root in Mudhar patriarchy, descendant of Adnan.
The Quraysh remained completely disunited until Qusai ibn Kilab managed to rally their ranks on honourable terms attaching major prominence to their status and importance[clarification needed].[1] After the introduction of Islam, the Quraysh gained supremacy and produced the three dynasties of the [[Ummayad Caliphate]], the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] and the [[Fatimid Caliphate]].
==Early history==
For several generations the Quraysh were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five generations before [[Muhammad]] the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab. By [[war]] and [[diplomacy]] he assembled an [[alliance]] that delivered to him the possession of the Meccan Sanctuary (the [[Kaaba]]). He then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his.
==Arab lineages==
According to traditional legends, Arab lineages allegedly originate from three groups:
*Perished Arabs (العرب البائدة): These are the ancients of whose history little is known. They include ‘Ad, Thamûd, Tasam, Jadis, Imlaq and others.
*Pure Arabs (العرب العاربة): They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan bin Hud so were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
*Arabized Arabs (العرب المستعربة): They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ishmael and were also called ‘Adnanite Arabs. The Quraysh are a branch of the "Arabized Arabs".
The Quraysh had become a prominent tribe in [[Mecca]] before the birth of [[Muhammad]] and essentially ruled the city. Before Muhammad's birth, the tribe had split into different clans, each with different responsibilities. There were some rivalries among the clans, but these became especially pronounced during Muhammad's lifetime. Some clan leaders did not appreciate Muhammad's claim of prophethood and tried to silence him by putting pressure on his uncle, Abu Talib. Many of the clans also began to persecute the followers of Muhammad, for example by boycotting them. This response led Muhammad to initially send some Muslims to Ethiopia, and later would lead to his own emigration to [[Medina]].
After Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in 630, he killed most vocal opposition leaders but pardoned many of those who had oppressed him before, and peace among the different clans was maintained. After Muhammad's death, clan rivalries reignited, playing central roles in the conflicts over the Caliphate and contributing to the [[Shi'a]]-[[Sunni]] divide.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraish]
==References==
# [http://www.masmn.org/documents/Books/Safiur_Rahman_Mubarakpuri/Raheeq_Al_Maktoom/101.htm 1]
# GLUBB, John Bagot, The Life and Times of Mohammed, in A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims, chapter "Muhammad's Visit to Ta'if", Al-islam.org.
#Sahih al-Bukhari 5:59:286
# M Pacuk.
[[Category: Religion]]
[[Category: Sociology]]
[[Category: History]]
'''Quraysh''' or Quraish (Arabic: قريش Qurayš, meaning little shark. Other transliterations include "Quresh", "Quraysh", "Koreish" and "Coreish". Turkish: Kureyş) was the dominant tribe of [[Mecca]] upon the appearance of the [[religion]] of [[Islam]]. It was the tribe to which the Islamic [[prophet]] [[Muhammad]] belonged, as well as the tribe that led the initial opposition to his message.
==Lineage==
According to popular [[legend]], the Quraysh was a branch of the Kinana branch, which descended from the Khuzaimah, which has its genealogical root in Mudhar patriarchy, descendant of Adnan.
The Quraysh remained completely disunited until Qusai ibn Kilab managed to rally their ranks on honourable terms attaching major prominence to their status and importance[clarification needed].[1] After the introduction of Islam, the Quraysh gained supremacy and produced the three dynasties of the [[Ummayad Caliphate]], the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] and the [[Fatimid Caliphate]].
==Early history==
For several generations the Quraysh were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five generations before [[Muhammad]] the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab. By [[war]] and [[diplomacy]] he assembled an [[alliance]] that delivered to him the possession of the Meccan Sanctuary (the [[Kaaba]]). He then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his.
==Arab lineages==
According to traditional legends, Arab lineages allegedly originate from three groups:
*Perished Arabs (العرب البائدة): These are the ancients of whose history little is known. They include ‘Ad, Thamûd, Tasam, Jadis, Imlaq and others.
*Pure Arabs (العرب العاربة): They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan bin Hud so were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
*Arabized Arabs (العرب المستعربة): They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ishmael and were also called ‘Adnanite Arabs. The Quraysh are a branch of the "Arabized Arabs".
The Quraysh had become a prominent tribe in [[Mecca]] before the birth of [[Muhammad]] and essentially ruled the city. Before Muhammad's birth, the tribe had split into different clans, each with different responsibilities. There were some rivalries among the clans, but these became especially pronounced during Muhammad's lifetime. Some clan leaders did not appreciate Muhammad's claim of prophethood and tried to silence him by putting pressure on his uncle, Abu Talib. Many of the clans also began to persecute the followers of Muhammad, for example by boycotting them. This response led Muhammad to initially send some Muslims to Ethiopia, and later would lead to his own emigration to [[Medina]].
After Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in 630, he killed most vocal opposition leaders but pardoned many of those who had oppressed him before, and peace among the different clans was maintained. After Muhammad's death, clan rivalries reignited, playing central roles in the conflicts over the Caliphate and contributing to the [[Shi'a]]-[[Sunni]] divide.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraish]
==References==
# [http://www.masmn.org/documents/Books/Safiur_Rahman_Mubarakpuri/Raheeq_Al_Maktoom/101.htm 1]
# GLUBB, John Bagot, The Life and Times of Mohammed, in A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims, chapter "Muhammad's Visit to Ta'if", Al-islam.org.
#Sahih al-Bukhari 5:59:286
# M Pacuk.
[[Category: Religion]]
[[Category: Sociology]]
[[Category: History]]
