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| '''Quraysh''' or Quraish (Arabic: قريش Qurayš, meaning little shark. Other transliterations include "Quresh", "Quraysh", "Koreish" and "Coreish". Turkish: Kureyş) was the dominant tribe of [[Mecca]] upon the appearance of the [[religion]] of [[Islam]]. It was the tribe to which the Islamic [[prophet]] [[Muhammad]] belonged, as well as the tribe that led the initial opposition to his message. | | '''Quraysh''' or Quraish (Arabic: قريش Qurayš, meaning little shark. Other transliterations include "Quresh", "Quraysh", "Koreish" and "Coreish". Turkish: Kureyş) was the dominant tribe of [[Mecca]] upon the appearance of the [[religion]] of [[Islam]]. It was the tribe to which the Islamic [[prophet]] [[Muhammad]] belonged, as well as the tribe that led the initial opposition to his message. |
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| According to popular [[legend]], the Quraysh was a branch of the Kinana branch, which descended from the Khuzaimah, which has its genealogical root in Mudhar patriarchy, descendant of Adnan. | | According to popular [[legend]], the Quraysh was a branch of the Kinana branch, which descended from the Khuzaimah, which has its genealogical root in Mudhar patriarchy, descendant of Adnan. |
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− | The Quraysh remained completely disunited until Qusai ibn Kilab managed to rally their ranks on honourable terms attaching major prominence to their status and importance[clarification needed].[1] After the introduction of Islam, the Quraysh gained supremacy and produced the three dynasties of the [[Ummayad Caliphate]], the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] and the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]. | + | The Quraysh remained completely disunited until Qusai ibn Kilab managed to rally their ranks on honourable terms attaching major prominence to their status and importance.[1] After the introduction of Islam, the Quraysh gained supremacy and produced the three dynasties of the [[Ummayad Caliphate]], the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] and the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]. |
| ==Early history== | | ==Early history== |
| For several generations the Quraysh were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five generations before [[Muhammad]] the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab. By [[war]] and [[diplomacy]] he assembled an [[alliance]] that delivered to him the possession of the Meccan Sanctuary (the [[Kaaba]]). He then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his. | | For several generations the Quraysh were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five generations before [[Muhammad]] the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab. By [[war]] and [[diplomacy]] he assembled an [[alliance]] that delivered to him the possession of the Meccan Sanctuary (the [[Kaaba]]). He then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his. |