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A '''number''' is a [[mathematical]] object used in counting and [[Measure|measuring]]. A notational [[symbol]] which represents a number is called a ''numeral'', but in common usage the [[word]] number is used for both the abstract object and the symbol, as well as for the [[word]] for the number. In addition to their use in counting and measuring, numerals are often used for labels (telephone numbers), for ordering (serial numbers), and for codes (ISBNs). In mathematics, the definition of number has been extended over the years to include such numbers as [[Zero|0]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_numbers negative numbers], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_numbers rational numbers], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_numbers irrational numbers], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers complex numbers].
A '''number''' is a [[mathematical]] object used in counting and [[Measure|measuring]]. A notational [[symbol]] which represents a number is called a ''numeral'', but in common usage the [[word]] number is used for both the abstract object and the symbol, as well as for the [[word]] for the number. In addition to their use in counting and measuring, numerals are often used for labels (telephone numbers), for ordering (serial numbers), and for codes (ISBNs). In mathematics, the definition of number has been extended over the years to include such numbers as [[Zero|0]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_numbers negative numbers], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_numbers rational numbers], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_numbers irrational numbers], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers complex numbers].
Certain procedures which take one or more numbers as input and produce a number as output are called numerical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_(mathematics) operations]. Unary operations take a single input number and produce a single output number. For example, the successor operation adds one to an integer, thus the successor of 4 is 5. More common are binary operations which take two input numbers and produce a single output number. Examples of binary operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation. The study of numerical operations is called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic arithmetic].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number]
Certain procedures which take one or more numbers as input and produce a number as output are called numerical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_(mathematics) operations]. Unary operations take a single input number and produce a single output number. For example, the successor operation adds one to an integer, thus the successor of 4 is 5. More common are binary operations which take two input numbers and produce a single output number. Examples of binary operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation. The study of numerical operations is called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic arithmetic].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number]
==Origins==
Anglo-Norman nombre, noumbre, numbre, nounbre, nunbre, numere and Old French, Middle French nombre sum, total (early 12th cent. as numbre), grammatical number (13th cent.), a (large, small) [[quantity]] (14th cent.), [[conformity]] in verse to a regular [[measure]] (1549) < classical [[Latin]] numerus sum, total, numeral, number as indicating a part or position in a series, a (large, small) quantity, a (large or small) [[group]] or collection of [[persons]] or [[things]], a class or category, number as an abstract [[concept]], the [[fact]] of being numerous, numerical calculation, arithmetic, rhythm in [[words]] or [[music]], [[Grammar|grammatical]] number, metrical foot, (plural) metrical lines, musical strains, perhaps < a suffixed ablaut variant of the same Indo-European base as ancient [[Greek]] (NOMOS n.).
==Definitions==
==Definitions==
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